Abstract
The aim of this review was the biological properties analysis of microorganisms known as the main contributors to the non-specific bacterial vaginosis development. The mechanisms of anaerobic vaginal microflora pathogenic action have been found out to be the main cause of non-specific inflammatory processes. Special attention was given to the genera of Mobilunkus spp., Atopobium spp., Prevotella sp. representatives , which were studied as vaginal flora due to the modern diagnostic methods and techniques development. The homeostasis of the vaginal ecosystem results from complex interactions and synergies among the host and different microorganisms that colonize the vaginal mucosa and healthy vaginal microbiota is generally dominated by Lactobacillus spp. Lactobacilli which have been known to be antagonistic toward a variety of microorganisms. In cases of bacterial vaginoses, the proportion of Lactobacilus spp sharply decreases, while the share of anaerobic microorganisms increases: Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium sp., Mobiluncus sp., Prevotella sp . The virulence factors of Gardnerella vaginalis pathogenicity are: its ability to form biofilms; the presence of genes responsible for cytotoxicity. The ability of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium sp., Mobiluncus sp., Prevotella sp . to produce short chain volatile fatty acids isomers results in the vaginal mucosa irritation (itching or burning) and discharge with unpleasant odour in BV associated with these microorganisms. Atopobium vaginae , together with Mobiluncus spp . and Prevotella spp ., provoke the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The whole mechanism leads to an inflammation worsening in BV and stimulates the chronic process development. Both microorganisms Mobiluncus spp . and A. vaginae are competitive lactobacilli in relation to the glycogen consumption. Conclusions. Analysis of literature shows that pathogens of non-specific bacterial vaginosis have wide range of pathogenicity factors. This provides pathogenesis and clinical signs of the disease.
Highlights
The aim of this review was the biological properties analysis of microorganisms known as the main contributors to the non-specific bacterial vaginosis development
The ability of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium sp., Mobiluncus sp., Prevotella sp. to produce short chain volatile fatty acids isomers results in the vaginal mucosa irritation and discharge with unpleasant odour in BV associated with these microorganisms
Analysis of literature shows that pathogens of non-specific bacterial vaginosis have wide range of pathogenicity factors
Summary
The endogenous and exogenous factors influence can significantly affect the state of vaginal homeostasis. Once there are the qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of lactobacilli composition, there is growth of microorga nisms with pathogenicity factors sufficient to develop local or generalized inflammation. Due to their biological characteristics Atopobium sp., Mobiluncus sp. The ability to parasitize inside epithelial cells makes these microorganisms inaccessible to traditional BV therapy, motivating the search for new therapeutic agents that do not affect lactobacilli. Conflicts of Interest: author has no conflict of interest to declare. Надійшла до редакції / Received: 03.11.2017 Після доопрацювання / Revised: 01.12.2017 Прийнято до друку / Accepted: 06.12.2017
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
