Etiological analysis of 121 cases of diabetes insipidus

Abstract

Objective To study the etiology of diabetes insipidus. Methods The clinical data of 121 patients with diabetes insipidus from 2015 to 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 121 cases diabetes insipidus patients, central diabetes insipidus (CDI) 111 cases (92%) and renal diabetes insipidus 10 cases (8%). Among the CDI patients, the idiopathic CDI accounted for 47%, 9% cases occurred post craniocerebral operation, 6% cases were caused by craniocerebral trauma, 5% cases were caused by tumor of the sellar region, 4% cases were caused by autoimmune disease, 4% cases were caused by empty sella, 2% cases were caused by Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and other 23% cases were with pituitary stalk thickness of unknown origin. Pituitary nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and pathological examination were helpful for CDI etiological diagnosis. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) was common in men, and 80% patients were combined with urinary tract dilatation. Conclusions Idiopathic CDI is the most common type and patients should be followed up, for some cases maybe at the early stage of acquired CDI. MRI of pituitary combined with pathological examination is the crucial measure for the etiological diagnosis of CDI. NDI has a high proportion of urinary tract dilatation. Key words: Diabetes insipidus; Magnetic resonance imaging; Etiological diagnosis