Etiologic factors in femoral head osteonecrosis in growing rats

Abstract

Osteonecrosis of the epiphyseal nucleus of the femoral head, which resembles that in Perthes’ disease in children, was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRS) and ordinary Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs). The SHRs were kept in ordinary cages and the WKYs in custom-made high cages from 5 weeks to 15 weeks after birth. The WKYs had to stand on their hind limbs to feed because the feed box and the drinking aperture were placed at a high level. At 15 weeks, the femurs were resected and examined radiographically and histologically. There was a relatively high incidence of avascular necrosis in the epiphyseal nuclei of the femoral heads; 45.8% in SHRS and 33.3% in WKYs. In the SHRS, there were ossification disturbances of the proximal femoral epiphysis and deformities of the proximal femurs, such as a flattened femoral head and short neck. These findings suggest that constitutional cartilage disorder in the SHRS and excessive mechanical stress on the femoral heads in the WKYs participated in the etiology of the osteonecrosis.