Etiología de metritis bovina en rebaños lecheros de las Regiones V y Metropolitana (Chile) y resistencia bacteriana frente a diferentes antimicrobianos

Abstract

Peri or postpartum reproduction disorders are predisposing factors for the development of uterine infections that produce important economic. The metritis is multifactorial, being bacterial the determinant cause of the disease. In spite of antimicrobial therapy which is one of the most important therapeutic tools against this pathology, the developmentof multiple resistance in animals pathogens has been reported. Inappropriate treatment produce economic losses and increase of the bacterial resistance to antimicrobial. The aim of this study was to determinate the main bacterial pathogens isolated from bovine metritis and their antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 265 strains were isolated from uterine samples from dairy herd in the yh and Metropolitan Regions (Chile), being the principal pathogens isolated E. coli (19.2%) and A. pyogenes (18.1%). The susceptibility test show a higher resistance to betalactamic antimicrobial. Streptococcus spp and CNS were highly resistant (>70%) to lincomicin; in A. pyogenes we observed a resistance > to28% to enrofloxacin and cefquinome. A higher susceptibility was observed in A.pyogenes, CNS and Streptococcus spp to cefapirine and gentamicine. The major resistance to oxitetracicline (38.5%) was observed in Streptococcus spp strains. The E. coli strains were most resistant to cefquinome and oxitetracicline. The analysis of resistant profiles demonstrated that Streptococcus spp and CNS strains were multiresistant. According to these results it is possible to conclude that the bovine pathogens metritiswere resistant to more than one antimicrobial drug and, therefore, usageof these drugs it should be undermedical prescription. Finally, these results stressed the necessity to promote a permanent monitoring programof bacterial resistance in veterinary medicine in our country.