Abstract
Avartaki (Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. syn. Cassia auriculata L.; Family- Fabaceae ) is a traditional medicinal plant, widely used for the treatment of various ailments in Ayurveda and Siddha system of medicine in India. Almost all the parts of the plant, such as flowers, leaves, seeds, barks, and roots have been reported for their medicinal uses. Traditionally, it has been used in the treatment of diabetes, asthma, rheumatism, dysentery, skin disease, and metabolic disorders. The principle phytochemicals in Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. are alkaloids, anthraquinone, flavone glycosides, sugar, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, benzoic acid 2-hydroxyl methyl ester, 1-methyl butyl ester, resorcinol, α-tocopherol-β-D-mannosidase, epicatechin, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin, proanthocyanidin B1. The extracts from its different parts and their isolated compounds possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antipyretic, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory, antifertility, anti-venom, and anti-melanogenesis. The toxicological findings from preclinical studies ensured the safety of the plant, but comprehensive clinical studies are required for the safety and efficacy of the plant in humans. The current review article aimed to provide up-to-date information about Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. covering its ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects with special emphasis on its clinical implications in diabetes.
Highlights
The extensive use of medicinal plants to discover new therapeutics or active pharmacological compounds is the urgent need to tackle challenging non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
The current review aimed to investigate the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies of the Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb., and endeavored to validate the experimental studies in terms of scientific data concerning the therapeutic implications of active metabolites of the plant
Though the available experimental evidence insinuates the therapeutic potential of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb., to date, it’s an unexploited plant species in clinical practice
Summary
The extensive use of medicinal plants to discover new therapeutics or active pharmacological compounds is the urgent need to tackle challenging non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Cassia auriculata L., family Fabaceae (former Caesalpiniaceae) is one of the medicinal plants that has been used traditionally in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani since the 15th century It is commonly known as Tanner’s Senna/Cassia and Mature Tea Tree in English; Avartaki, Pitapuspa, Pitkalika, Manojyna, Pitkala, Charmaranga in Sanskrit; Tarwar, Awal, Tarval in Hindi; Tangedu, Merakatangeedu in Telagu, and Arsual, Taravada, Tarwad in Marathi. This shrub is widely spread in India, covering its southern, westerns, and central dry zones and in Sri Lanka (Gupta and Sharma, 2007; Nille and Reddy, 2017; Win and Min, 2018). The current review aimed to investigate the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies of the Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb., and endeavored to validate the experimental studies in terms of scientific data concerning the therapeutic implications of active metabolites of the plant
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