Abstract

The existing literature relating ethnic fragmentation to public good provision sheds little light on inequalities in access to public goods across groups, despite the fact that some of the causal factors underlying the hypothesized relationship seem to predict such inequalities. This article seeks to fill this gap by examining the relationship between ethnic fragmentation and both the level and distribution of access to clean water in Mexico, using regression analysis at both the municipal and individual levels for the period 2000–2005. Using the divide between indigenous and nonindigenous people to measure ethnic fragmentation, the results first replicate the general finding in the literature: more fragmented municipalities have worse access to clean water, all else being equal. However, this worse access is not equally distributed. Instead, there is a systematic gap in water access between indigenous and nonindigenous people, even after controlling for fragmentation and other relevant factors. The findings have important implications for future research regarding ethnic fragmentation and public good provision. RESUMEN: La literatura sobre la fragmentacion etnica y la provision de bienes publicos esclarece poco la desigualdad que existe en el acceso a bienes publicos entre diferentes grupos de la poblacion, a pesar de que algunos factores causales de la relacion parecen predecir dicha desigualdad. Este trabajo busca llenar este vacio en la literatura examinando la relacion entre la fragmentacion etnica y el nivel y la distribucion del acceso a agua potable en Mexico mediante un analisis de regresion a nivel municipal e individual para el periodo 2000–2005. El analisis primero replica el hallazgo general de la literatura, es decir, que los municipios mas fragmentados etnicamente tienen peores niveles de acceso a agua potable en iguales condiciones, usando la division entre personas indigenas y no indigenas como la medida de fragmentacion etnica. Sin embargo, este peor nivel de acceso a agua potable no esta distribuido de manera igual entre toda la poblacion, sino hay una brecha sistematica entre personas indigenas y personas no-indigenas, aun cuando se controla por otros factores relevantes, como el nivel de fragmentacion etnica en el municipio. Los resultados del analisis tienen implicaciones importantes para la investigacion sobre la fragmentacion etnica y la provision de servicios publicos.

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