Abstract
The Holy Land has absorbed millions of immigrants in recent centuries: Jews from East and West, Druze, Circassians, Muslim and Christian Arabs. The land is unique and diverse in geographical location and ethnic groups, and also in its cultural characteristics, including traditional medicine and use of materia medica. However, these traditions have waned over the years. The young state of Israel adopted a "melting pot" approach to fashion Jews from all over the world into Israelis.The traditional medicine and materia medica of different ethnic groups (Yemenite, Iranian, and Iraqi Jews) are reviewed in this paper, as well as the ethno-botanical survey (first conducted in the 1980s, covering Bedouins, Druze, Circassians, and Muslim and Christian Arabs), and the matching ethno-pharmacological survey (conducted in the late 1990s) covering the medicines sold in stores.Present-day healers are usually not young and are believed to be the end of the chain of traditional medical knowledge. The ethno-diversity of Israel is becoming blurred; modernity prevails, and ethnic characteristics are fading. The characteristic lines of traditional medicine and materia medica have hardly lasted three generations.A salient former dividing line between ethnic groups, namely their use of different medicinal substances, paradoxically becomes a bridge for conservative users of all groups and religions. Shops selling these substances have become centers for "nostalgia" and preserving the oriental heritage, traditional medicine, and medicinal substances!
Highlights
The Land of Israel has absorbed millions of immigrants at the last several centuries
Other different ethnic groups such as Bosnians and Circassians were deported from their homelands to the Holy Land by the Ottomans in the 18th and 19th centuries, the most important ethnic group that stayed in Israel being the Circassians
Ben-Ya'akov researched Iraqi Jews' traditional medicine and presented it in a two-volume book. It contains a vast amount of information on the traditional medicine of this ethnic group in Iraq, the names of healers, and the techniques, methods, and medicinal materials used by Iraqi Jews in Iraq and in Israel
Summary
The Land of Israel has absorbed millions of immigrants at the last several centuries. An ethno-botanical survey was conducted in Israel in the 1980s and covered about 100 informants belonging to most minority ethnic groups (Arab Muslims and Christians, Druze, Bedouins, and Circassians) This survey yielded information on the medicinal uses of some 447 plants [12,13]. It contains a vast amount of information on the traditional medicine of this ethnic group in Iraq, the names of healers, and the techniques, methods, and medicinal materials used by Iraqi Jews in Iraq and in Israel He interviewed scores of healers, recorded booklets of some of the most important of them, and reported on the use of 150 medicinal plants [20]. The data yield a theoretical (potential) inventory of 629 materials (table 3)
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