Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Halexylon salicornicum (Ramth) as a graze and promising shrub against selected animal microbes

Abstract

Folk medicine, including plants, has been utilized for humans and animals since the dawn of civilization. Because of the widespread problem of antimicrobial resistance around the world, one of the mainly significant challenges in microbiological research is to achieve a replacement antibiotic with the fewest adverse effects. Camel and ruminant grazing were provided by the wild shrub Halexylon salicornicum (Ramth). However, despite prior research demonstrating its antimicrobial action against human diseases, no investigations on its antimicrobial activity against animal pathogens have been conducted to far. The goal of this study is to investigate whether Halexylon salicornicum aqueous and solvent extracts have antimicrobial activity on a variety of animal pathogens isolated from cattle and poultry using the agar well diffusion method (Enterococcus faecium, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus Cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogens, Pseudomonas aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida albicans) moreover it's ethnobotanical and phytochemical. All of the extracts tested had antimicrobial efficacy against tested strains and included bioactive chemicals, particularly the acetone extract, had the highest antibacterial activity. As a result, it can be stated that Halexylon salicornicum is a promising important shrub that might be used as a natural antimicrobial alternative for animals or as a food additive.