Abstract
Archaeological reconstruction of prehistoric settlement patterns may frequently oversimplify complex living situations. Archaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic data from the study of the Hopi and the Hopi-Tewa of Northern Arizona (A.D. 1500-1970) are discussed concerning such settlement formation and abandonment problems as factionalism, priestly orders, water and land conflicts, local warfare, disease and health, invading groups, and economic pressures. Internal variation in any settlement may be due to rapid clan extinctions (in 50 years or less), creation of new clans, use of another clan's land or houses, emigration and disruption of ceremonial cycles, and exchange of craftsmen and architects between villages and tribes.
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