Ethnic Relations in Malaysia: The Need for “Constant Repair” in the Spirit of Muhibbah

Abstract

Munusamy portrays a relatively peaceful Malaysia with a theme of unity underlying the nation’s leadership since independence was achieved. Historical review reveals constant takeover attempts by different colonial powers which are attributed to Malaysia’s unique and valuable qualities. Recognition of the change in demographic under British rule, due to importation of labor, is credited with influencing current interethnic relations. As the people of Malaysia began revolts for independence, the author elucidates the bases of historical and current tensions. Unity is identified as the British prerequisite for independence initially achieved, but transient as political parties formed around ethnic identification. The lack of interethnic violence in Malaysia is viewed as engendering an inaccurate perception of success with regard to ethnic relations. Exploration of the various policies implemented in order to equalize distribution of wealth reveals limited success and causal factors are proffered. The author describes the most recent policy along with challenges that need to be addressed for successful implementation. Signs of protest and increasing tensions are presented providing stimulus for change. Munusamy offers specific solutions to reach lasting harmony utilizing a holistic method, while recognizing the continuing effort required for resolution of multicultural issues. The fashion in which policies are executed and evaluated is also viewed as an important consideration for success. Discussion of factors associated with effective change informs the methods that may function best in Malaysia. The author believes that a revival of the true spirit of tolerance would create a positive atmosphere in which interethnic relations may improve. Cheryl Jorgensen