Ethnic differences in childhood right and left cardiac structure and function assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Romy Gaillard,Meike W. Vernooij,Wouter J. van Genuchten,Willem A. Helbing,Liza Toemen,Arno A. W. Roest,Vincent W. V. Jaddoe

doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03869-0

Abstract

Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors and disease are well-known and may originate in early-life. We examined the ethnic differences in cardiac structure and function in children using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in a European migrant population, and whether any difference was explained by early life factors. We used a prospective population-based cohort study among 2317 children in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We compared children from Dutch (73%), Cape Verdean (3.5%), Dutch Antillean (3.3%), Moroccan (6.1%), Surinamese-Creoles (3.9%), Surinamese-Hindustani (3.4%), and Turkish (6.4%) background. Main outcomes were cMRI-measured cardiac structures and function. Cardiac outcomes were standardized on body surface area. Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Hindustani, and Turkish children had smaller right ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume relative to their body size than Dutch children (p < 0.05). These results were not fully explained by fetal and childhood factors. Right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ between ethnicities after adjustment for fetal and childhood factors.Conclusion: Right ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume differ between ethnic subgroups in childhood, without affecting ejection fraction. Follow-up studies are needed to investigate whether these differences lead to ethnic differences in cardiac disease in adulthood.What is Known:• Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors and disease are well-known and may originate in early-life.• The prevalence of cardiovascular disease differs between ethnic groups.What is New:• We examined ethnic differences in left and right cardiac structure and function in children using cMRI.• Right and left cardiac dimensions differ between ethnic groups in childhood and are only partly explained by fetal and childhood factors.

Highlights

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease differs between ethnic groups [1,2,3,4]
Right and left cardiac dimensions differ between ethnic groups in childhood and are only partly explained by fetal and childhood factors
We examined ethnic differences in left and right cardiac structure and function in children using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in a multi-ethnic population-based study among 2317 children in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and examined whether any difference was explained by differences in fetal and childhood factors

Summary

Conclusion

Right ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume differ between ethnic subgroups in childhood, without affecting ejection fraction. Follow-up studies are needed to investigate whether these differences lead to ethnic differences in cardiac disease in adulthood. Wouter J. van Genuchten and Liza Toemen contributed to this work. We examined ethnic differences in left and right cardiac structure and function in children using cMRI in a multi-ethnic population-based study among 2317 children in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and examined whether any difference was explained by differences in fetal and childhood factors

Introduction

Results

Discussion

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Compliance with ethical standards