Abstract

SEER Journal for Labour and Social Affairs in Eastern Europe , Seite 99 - 109

Highlights

  • After the collapse of the Communist regime in 1990, Albania was engulfed by deep conflicts, crises and disturbances of a political, social, economic and security nature

  • Illegal migration was not considered a serious offence in Albania and smuggling channels were perceived as ‘beneficial’

  • With the complete breakdown of the state, the destruction of infrastructure, borders uncontrolled or in the hands of gangs and three quarters of a million weapons looted from army depots, chaos was spread all over the country and criminality and corruption became embedded in the Albanian government and in society

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Summary

Introduction

After the collapse of the Communist regime in 1990, Albania was engulfed by deep conflicts, crises and disturbances of a political, social, economic and security nature. With the complete breakdown of the state, the destruction of infrastructure, borders uncontrolled or in the hands of gangs and three quarters of a million weapons looted from army depots, chaos was spread all over the country and criminality and corruption became embedded in the Albanian government and in society This created an ideal environment for criminals in many regions of Albania to develop their criminal activities, including trafficking in human beings. Immediately after the fall of Communism (from 1991-1996), the first organised criminal groups were established which were mostly active in the smuggling of people from Albania This covered illegal immigration mainly to Greece and Italy. Besides the trafficking of human beings, they are/were involved in a variety of other crimes such as the trafficking of guns, vehicles and drugs; money laundering; the smuggling of people; and the falsification of documents

Modus operandi
Legitimisation of illegal proceeds
Trafficking and smuggling routes
International dimension of Albanian OC groups
Findings
Some recommendations
Full Text
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