Abstract
Basic ethical concepts that have a direct influence on real-life decisions are presented. Unfortunately, there is not just one way of doing right. Two fundamentally different approaches—deontological (“stick to the principles”) and utilitarian (“it is the final result that counts”) concepts—will be discussed in particular. It will be shown that ethics is characteristic of a society and varies over time. The problem of matching individuals’ morals and society’s perception is discussed likewise. Ethical dilemmas are illustrated using some classical examples such as the “trolley problem,” “prisoners’ dilemma,” or the “Collingridge dilemma” and transferred into an AI context. Taking various examples such as the COVID-19 pandemic crisis of 2020 or data protection initiatives (in Europe the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), in California the California Consumer Protection Act (“CCPA”)) and its related ethical questions, the importance of different ethical perspectives in decision-making for humans and AI-supported systems will be shown.
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