Ethical, Legal and Political Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: Law as a Response to AI-Related Threats and Hopes

Abstract

Almost no one today doubts that AI systems will increasingly affect our lives in the near future. Growing interactions of humans with non-human intelligent systems are both a source of threats and a source of hopes. In this paper, some ethical challenges in the development and application of weak and strong AI systems are analyzed. Then, legal challenges that appear when legislators attempt to regulate uncertain and unpredictable phenomena such as AI are discussed. Here we show that despite these challenges, an appropriate law is the most optimal response to threats and hopes related to AI. We also point out that the development of AI will be a major political challenge. Politicians will have to find a difficult compromise between, on the one hand, consenting to the inevitable and essentially beneficial technological development for humanity and, on the other hand, certain risks and dangers, probably also inherent in the specificity of AI functioning.