Abstract
Many people make the generous decision to donate organs and tissue after death and, much more rarely, some make the heroic decision to donate an organ or tissue while alive. Others suffer major organ failure and make a decision to receive an organ or tissue. Some choose to be involved in medical practice or medical research involving the use of donated organs and tissues. The issues involved in transplantation have become increasingly complex including the development of the ability to culture tissues, the development of bio banks, xenotransplantation and human-animal transgenesis and the effects of trade in human tissue products
Highlights
This article is an attempt to identify the range of social and ethical issues that have developed in connection with the contemporary practice of transplantation of human tissue
The issues involved in transplantation have become increasingly complex including the development of the ability to culture tissues, the development of bio banks, xenotransplantation and human-animal transgenesis and the effects of trade in human tissue products
Being an organ donor will change the experience for the family because, instead of being with the dying person at the time of what is ordinarily accepted as death, and afterwards, in the stillness of circulation having stopped, the heart will stop beating in the operating theatre and the relatives will not be present when that happens. In both donation after death by the brain criterion has been diagnosed, and donation after cardiac death, the family make their goodbyes, while the heart till beats, usually in the intensive care unit and prior to the patient being taken to the operating theatre
Summary
This article is an attempt to identify the range of social and ethical issues that have developed in connection with the contemporary practice of transplantation of human tissue. Statutory recognition of death by the brain criterion, so-called “brain death” (Australia, 1981) These last three events mark the beginning of the modern era of successful transplantation. Even amongst Christians, some believe that the soul dies with the body to be later resurrected for the Last Judgement, and others see death as the separation of the immortal soul, with the body no longer being formed by the immortal soul Those differences obviously affect where we think the person is located - in their body alone, in the unity of body and soul, or in their soul. That range of religious beliefs complicates the medical understanding of death and when organs may be taken from the body for organ transplantation. That raises the possibility of heterologous transplant, that is, transplant of ovarian tissue to someone else
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