Abstract
Standards of ethical practice in any profession change over time. In this paper I examine the philosophical underpinning of the ethical norms of biological anthropology and how these norms have influenced the practice of the discipline over the past 60 years. Particular attention is paid to bioethics, a special branch of applied ethics concerned with human health and human-subjects research. Codification of bioethics began after World War II with the Nuremberg Code, and there currently are multiple documents that define the relationship between researcher and subject for anyone working with human populations. The evolution of these documents and their application is examined. All of these codes emphasize the centrality of voluntary consent and set forth criteria that must be met before any research can be conducted. Biological anthropologists often work with identified and stressed populations in a complex, active, long-term relationship. This relationship presents multiple ethical challenges, including i...
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