Abstract
A defining feature of systems thinking is reflection on boundaries of inclusion and exclusion. This paper reviews concepts of knowledge (and ignorance) provided by Kant, Churchman, Ulrich, and Habermas. We propose a fourth wave normative theoretical framework comprised of four architectural elements knowledge perspectives, sources of boundary judgement, system roles, and knowledge dynamics to identify the knowledge concepts that must be addressed to enable those in a position of power (because they are involved with the knowledge management system) to impose order on the behaviour of others (who are affected but not involved) by means of ethical inquiry.
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