Abstract
SINCE Dr Christian Barnard performed the first adult heart transplant in 1967, this procedure has evolved into a lifesaving surgery for many people with end-stage cardiac function. The first efforts at neonatal heart transplantation were undertaken in 1967 and 1968. 1,2 Both of the infants died within a few hours, temporarily dampening enthusiasm for this procedure in the neonate. In the 1980s, with the advent of improved immunosuppression, solid-organ transplantation became a more feasible treatment for end-stage organ disorders, and interest in neonatal cardiac transplantation was renewed. In the United States, the number of cardiac transplants performed in children less than 1 year of age rose from two in 1984 to 82 in 1990. 3 By 1989, surgeons had performed pediatric cardiac transplantation in 61 centers. 4 Survival with 4 to 40 months of follow-up ranges between 63% and 84%. 5-7 Evaluations to date show normal growth and development of
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