Ethical and legal challenges of AI in marketing: an exploration of solutions

The investment activity is diverse and can be carried out with the use of intellectual property rights in accordance with the current international and Russian investment law. The article aims to identify the specifics of the application of intellectual property rights as investments and the implementation of intellectual investments, i.e. investments endowed into intellectual property rights. The objectives of the study are to consider the categories of an investment and object of investment activity, intellectual property, exclusive and other intellectual rights, as well as to analyze and determine the features of legal regulation of the activity in question at the international and national levels in the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the systematic analysis with the use of formal legal, comparative and other research methods, it is concluded that investments as a property in a broad sense may include both exclusive and other non-personal intellectual property rights to the results of intellectual activity and equated means of individualization of goods, works, services and enterprises. At the same time, they exclude intellectual property itself as a set of various types of intangible products, moral and other personal non-proprietary intellectual rights by virtue of their inalienable and non-transferable character. It is argued to be the same with respect to the object of investment activity, i.e. the property which the investment is endowed in and is capable to bring income to the investor in the future. Investments into such intellectual property rights can be called as intellectual investments.The legal regulation of investment activity with the use of intellectual property rights has a dual character (in the sense that it is carried out by different investment legislative acts with the similar subject of their regulation) and depends on the type of a particular object used. If intellectual property rights are invested in fixed capital, then they are to be recognized as capital investments and are governed by the Federal Law of February 25,1999 No. 39-FZ “On Investment Activity in the Russian Federation Carried out in the Form of Capital Investments”. If intellectual property rights are used as the object of investment activity, i.e. where investments are endowed in, such intellectual investments are subject to the regulation by the Law of the RSFSR of June 26, 1991 No. 1488-1 “On Investment Activity in the RSFSR”.

The proliferation of e-business has revolutionized the global marketplace, offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation, efficiency, and reach. However, this digital transformation has also introduced a complex array of ethical and legal challenges. This abstract explores the primary ethical and legal issues faced by e-businesses, emphasizing their implications and the need for robust governance frameworks. E-businesses must navigate a landscape fraught with ethical dilemmas, including data privacy, consumer protection, and digital divide concerns. Data privacy is paramount, as businesses collect vast amounts of personal information, raising questions about consent, data security, and the potential for misuse. Consumer protection is another critical issue, with e-businesses often criticized for misleading advertisements, poor customer service, and lack of transparency. Additionally, the digital divide presents an ethical challenge, as unequal access to technology exacerbates existing social inequalities, potentially marginalizing disadvantaged groups. The legal environment for e-business is equally challenging, characterized by rapidly evolving regulations and international complexities. Key legal issues include intellectual property rights, cyber security, and jurisdictional disputes. Intellectual property law struggles to keep pace with the digital age, where the unauthorized sharing and piracy of digital content are rampant. Cyber security is a growing concern, with legal implications for breaches that compromise sensitive data. Jurisdictional issues arise from the global nature of e-business, complicating the enforcement of laws and regulations across different countries with varying legal standards. Addressing these ethical and legal issues requires a multi-faceted approach. E-businesses must adopt ethical practices that prioritize consumer rights and data protection while actively working to bridge the digital divide. Legally, businesses need to stay abreast of regulatory changes and implement comprehensive compliance strategies. Collaboration between governments, industry stakeholders, and consumers is essential to create a balanced and fair e-business environment. Through such efforts, the potential of e-business can be harnessed while mitigating the risks associated with its growth. This exploration underscores the importance of continuous vigilance and adaptation in the face of evolving ethical and legal landscapes in e-business, aiming to foster a sustainable and equitable digital economy.

The Colour of Copyright

This study aims to explore and analyze the ethical and legal challenges posed by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital businesses, highlighting the need for robust guidelines and frameworks to guide responsible AI implementation. Adopting a qualitative research approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 experts from diverse fields related to digital businesses and AI. The content analysis method was employed to identify main themes, categories, and concepts within the ethical and legal realms of AI usage. Two main themes emerged: ethical challenges and legal challenges. Ethical challenges encompassed categories such as privacy violations, discriminatory practices, and AI accountability. Legal challenges included intellectual property rights, data regulations, and surveillance and control issues. The analysis revealed a complex landscape of ethical dilemmas and legal uncertainties that digital businesses face when implementing AI technologies. The study concludes that navigating the ethical and legal challenges of AI in digital businesses requires a multi-faceted approach, emphasizing the importance of developing comprehensive ethical guidelines and legal frameworks. These measures should ensure AI technologies are used in ways that respect human rights and promote fairness and transparency in the digital economy.

The revolutionary capabilities of genetic engineering and biotechnology can revolutionize environmental conservation, agriculture and medicine. Because of this, intellectual property (IP) rights, particularly patents, are fundamental to their development, as they incentivize innovation by protecting investments in R&D. How IP works in these domains, however, raises significant questions regarding its broader implications for biodiversity, food security and public health. This research examines the correlation between intellectual property rights and innovation in biotechnology and genetic engineering, highlighting key technologies such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), CRISPR and biopharmaceuticals. It examines the challenges of patenting these technologies, including the monopolization of genetic resources, the inability to access life-saving medicines, and the ethical dilemmas posed by the patenting of living things. Antubam, the paper highlights discrepancies on IP governance and its implications for equitable access of developing nations as opposed to developed nations. The US BRCA gene patent lawsuit and India's Section 3(d) pharmaceutical patent policy provide important insights into these difficulties. The findings of the study state that while IPR promotes innovation, it must be balanced with public interest, or it would ultimately compromise accessibility and sustainability. Because of this, it stresses the need for such IP frameworks to be transformed so that the creation of fair licensing policies to call for licensing of underpinned technology be established as well as the development of international treaties prioritizing sustainability and global health. To ensure that the genetic as well as the biotechnology engineering support the sustainable as well as the inclusive development, also maintaining its ethical standards, the study at the end makes a policy proposals which aligns with the IP law as well as the SDGs.

Intellectual property (IP) rights have long been a topic of passionate debate among libertarians. This chapter does not take sides in this debate. It describes what IP rights are, details their historical evolution and legal status, and then surveys the arguments justifying or critiquing IP rights. The chapter primarily focuses on the moral justifications and critiques of IP rights, which are usually derived from two theories: natural rights and utilitarianism. Objectivism offers a third approach in justifying IP rights. The justifications for IP rights focus on securing to individuals the fruits of their productive labors (natural rights), securing the values created by the rational mind (Objectivism), or increasing net social welfare by incentivizing creative work and new commercial activities (utilitarianism). The critiques of IP rights begin with the factual claim that ideas are not scarce; accordingly, in the context of new ideas, there are no disputes over scarce resources requiring property rights as a mediating standard. Thus, IP rights are monopoly grants that violate the rights of liberty and property (natural rights) or undermine social welfare given the high costs of economic deadweight losses and of rent-seeking, strategic behavior (utilitarianism). In describing these justifications and critiques, the chapter highlights key topics in the IP debates, such as term limits for patents and copyrights. It also addresses responses to these respective justifications and critiques. A single chapter cannot cover every legal, historical, or moral issue, and thus the list of references identifies historical and contemporary sources for further study.

Unlike democracy, justice, human rights or climate change, intellectual property rights are often seen as legal and technical issues that are the purview of lawyers and a handful of regulators and need not concern others. But intellectual property rights (IPRs) are present and embodied in a multitude of ‘things’ that we use and have (or do not have because they are not available for our use or we cannot afford them). This book, for instance, is protected by intellectual property rights which you or your library are bound to respect, while my publisher, employer and I also share an agreement about how this property is managed. The music we play on our digital audio players is protected by intellectual rights and so are the films, artwork and shows we go to see. Integrated circuit designs and computer software, formulae for fertilisers and other chemical substances, new seed varieties, industrial designs, new environmentally friendly technologies, drugs used to treat all sorts of medical conditions, clinical tests, brands, trade secrets, internet domain names and most of the wines and cheeses on the supermarket shelves are all protected by some form of intellectual property rights or another. Intellectual property rights, then, are not simply legal entitlements filed away in legal texts; they empower and limit the way we live, learn, communicate, consume, create, innovate and develop. As such, how and what intellectual property rights are granted, to whom and with what consequences should be the concern of us all.

Although AI is a helpful tool for the evolving business environment, its uncontrolled and fast integration into business processes can bring legal and ethical challenges. This research paper delves into the legal and ethical considerations essential for effectively regulating AI in business environments. As AI systems increasingly influence decisionmaking processes and operational efficiencies, the need for comprehensive and forward-thinking regulation becomes imperative. Thus, in the aspects of ethics, algorithms are utilized to protect rights or prohibit discrimination and ensure the openness of AI’s decisions. This paper examines key legal issues such as data privacy, intellectual property rights, and liability. For example, while the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides a framework for data protection, it remains unclear how these provisions apply to AI's sophisticated data handling and automated decision-making processes.. Ethical considerations further complicate the regulatory landscape. AI systems can inadvertently perpetuate biases present in their training data, leading to discriminatory practices and fairness concerns. This paper explores the ethical implications of such biases and the need for transparency in AI algorithms to ensure that they operate in a manner consistent with societal values. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a regulatory approach. It advocates for the modernization of existing legal frameworks to better encompass AI-related issues, and the establishment of ethical standards to guide AI deployment. Indeed, this article will explore some legal and ethical aspects of using Artificial Intelligence in the business world. Ethical AI guidelines and policies will be discussed, annual checkers will be conducted, and ethical AI standards will be promoted. In addition, identifying potential opportunities and threats likely to emerge when AI is even more entrenched in organizational activities will be relevant. After reviewing this article, you should know how to harness AI's power while avoiding legal issues.

Although AI is a helpful tool for the evolving business environment, its uncontrolled and fast integration into business processes can bring legal and ethical challenges. This research paper delves into the legal and ethical considerations essential for effectively regulating AI in business environments. As AI systems increasingly influence decisionmaking processes and operational efficiencies, the need for comprehensive and forward-thinking regulation becomes imperative. Thus, in the aspects of ethics, algorithms are utilized to protect rights or prohibit discrimination and ensure the openness of AI’s decisions. This paper examines key legal issues such as data privacy, intellectual property rights, and liability. For example, while the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides a framework for data protection, it remains unclear how these provisions apply to AI's sophisticated data handling and automated decision-making processes.. Ethical considerations further complicate the regulatory landscape. AI systems can inadvertently perpetuate biases present in their training data, leading to discriminatory practices and fairness concerns. This paper explores the ethical implications of such biases and the need for transparency in AI algorithms to ensure that they operate in a manner consistent with societal values. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a regulatory approach. It advocates for the modernization of existing legal frameworks to better encompass AI-related issues, and the establishment of ethical standards to guide AI deployment. Indeed, this article will explore some legal and ethical aspects of using Artificial Intelligence in the business world. Ethical AI guidelines and policies will be discussed, annual checkers will be conducted, and ethical AI standards will be promoted. In addition, identifying potential opportunities and threats likely to emerge when AI is even more entrenched in organizational activities will be relevant. After reviewing this article, you should know how to harness AI's power while avoiding legal issues.

This paper provides a theoretical overview of and practical guidance on the use of intellectual property (IP) rights as security in Estonia. It begins with an overview of the different IP rights in Estonia and the categories of security rights that can be granted over them. Like in other European countries, there are both non-registered and registered IP rights in Estonia. The different types of IP rights can be categorized as either copyright and related rights or as industrial property rights. In addition to national IP rights, EU-wide IP rights such as EU trademarks and Community also have effect in Estonia. The main ways to create a security right over an IP right are by establishing a pledge over IP rights or by transferring the IP rights as security. An IP right may be encumbered with a pledge through the establishment of a registered security over movables (for registered IP rights) or a pledge of rights (for non-registered IP rights). In addition, non-registered IP rights can also form part of a general commercial pledge, which is established over the entire movable property of an enterprise.

The world community recognizes that intellectual property and intellectual rights are one of the foundations of the modern business world. The issues of choosing ways to protect intellectual property rights are the subject of constant discussions. The authors analyze the problem in two aspects: from the point of view of state and international policy and from the point of view of the possibility of protecting their intellectual rights by participants in civil turnover. The purpose of the study is to study the mechanism of intellectual property rights protection, as well as to study the problems of compensation for moral damage and self-defense in the field of intellectual property. When preparing the article, general scientific logical methods were used, as well as a private formal legal method. The authors note that the conflict between the interests of the copyright holder of exclusive rights, on the one hand, and the general rights of participation and access, on the other, is a characteristic feature of modern society and culture, therefore intellectual property and intellectual rights are of interest not only as a legal institution, but also as a cultural model and socio-economic mechanism. With the development of digital technologies, the very principle of exclusivity of intellectual rights is increasingly being questioned both in theory and in practice, which naturally leads to a revision of existing ideas about the protection of these rights.

Including real-world scenarios and best practices, this text presents the important topics of patents, trademarks, and copyrights in relation to intellectual property creators and consumers. Comprehending intellectual property rights is critical in today's world in order to negotiate the challenges associated with all kinds of intellectual properties, from patents to trademarks to copyright. Created for courses but useful for a wide range of readers,Intellectual Property and Information Rights for Librariansteaches intellectual property literacy, allowing teachers and students to easily understand the range of intellectual property issues, including both creator and consumer rights. Author John Schlipp, an intellectual property librarian and professor, guides readers through intellectual property and information rights issues for today's professionals in information-based careers. Real-world issues are emphasized, including fair use, which is covered in reference to the First Amendment. Information rights topics examined include legal and ethical issues such as freedom of information, internet regulations, privacy, cybercrime, and security. This text serves as a comprehensive reference and a collection of best practices that addresses all types of intellectual properties in one book.

Intellectual property (IP) rights are embedded as an asset under the definition of investment in most international investment agreements. These agreements ensure protection and promotion of investment. Where IP rights are treated as an investment, they do benefit from the protection standards afforded by the international investment agreements. However, it is highly debated that to what extent an IP right constitutes an investment. Does the inclusion of IP rights under the investment definition of agreement suffice to be qualified as an investment? Or are there any other requirements? Over the last few years, these questions have attracted considerable scholarly interest. This article aims to analyse protection of IP rights as an investment and legal issues deriving from intersection between IP law and international investment law. Accordingly, it will attempt to answer the question as to when IP rights constitute an investment. In this sense, the article will initially discuss the inclusion of IP rights under the definition of investment afforded by several investment agreements. Subsequently, protection of IP rights in ICSID Convention will be discussed critically. Thirdly, the article will try to underscore the roles of international investment law and domestic law in determining whether an IP right is investment.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the upcoming fields of computer science which deals with the development of intelligent tools and techniques for accomplishing different tasks that require effort and intelligence of a human being. It is considered as one of the biggest achievements, which has the potential to revolutionize diverse aspects of life. The concept of AI can be read together with Intellectual Property (IP) as it refers to the developments of the mind which include literary works, inventions, designs, trademarks etc which are governed under different laws. AI can create different types of IP assets and assist in its management including licensing of the invented creations, enforcement, analysis and so on. The issue that has been raised at multiple platforms is with regard to the use of AI and its impact on IP as there are high chances of exploitation of those assets along with other legal and ethical challenges. The ownership of the creations, patentability, protection of data and information, infringement of symbols or any other copyright issues etc have become issues of concern which require careful consideration and proper analysis. On one hand, AI is playing a huge role in creating advanced types of IP assets which is effective in developing diverse business models and on the other hand, it can be seen that it is creating issues concerning ownership, patentability, infringement etc. which is having an impact on the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). This paper aims to analyse the challenges raised by AI with regard to the developments in the IP sector and infringement of IPR along with its legal and ethical implications. The research will focus on the impact of AI on IPR and the issues arising out of the interventions by AI tools in IP assets. The policy frameworks which are required to address such challenges and bring in effective alternatives will be discussed in the paper along with the recommendations to be provided to the policymakers, legal scholars and other professionals.

The rendezvous between intellectual property rights and human rights has awakened slumbering legal spirits. Miscellaneous legal phenomena are now nestled in the intersection between intellectual property rights and human rights. However, the interplay between human rights and intellectual property rights is bizarrely characterized by amity and hostility. Naturally, therefore, situating indigenous intellectual property at the intersection of intellectual property and human rights becomes a daunting task. However, the dilemma is often overstated especially from the point of view of conventional intellectual property rights. At the outset of this Article, I shall be exploring the history and the development of the relationship between human rights and intellectual property rights. In the followng section, I shall be examining the extent to which intellectual property rights are entrenched in the international human rights instruments. The last section shall be devoted to exploring the phenomenon of locating indigenous peoples' rights at the interface between intellectual property rights and human rights and reflecting on the ensuing issues—an aspect which has seldom been considered in the existing literature.