Ethereum Security Based on Blockchain Framework and its Algorithms and Components

Abstract

With the increasing amount and trading volume, account security has become an issue that people have to consider. The security of Ethereum is discussed in four different aspects. This paper reviews the application of cryptography in Ethereum, including the importance of relevant hash algorithms and digital signature techniques for securing data. The basic structure of the Merkle Tree and the role of its modified data structure, performed in the security mechanism of Ethereum are also analyzed. This paper also analyzes the related Merkle Proof algorithm. Additionally, the definition and working mechanism of Gas in Ethereum are also provided, through which the operating mechanism and creation method of Gas can guarantee the security of Ethereum's processing power. Finally, this paper indicates the underlying vulnerabilities and possible attacks on Bitcoin and Ethereum, including double spending attacks under proof of work and further introduces the related solutions. This paper can provide researchers good references on Ethereum security problem.