Abstract
ObjectiveThe plant Terminalia ivorensis is used in traditional medicine as a diuretic and in the management of renal failure. We reported previously that the ethanol stem bark extract of the plant protects against gentamicin-induced renal and hepatic damage in rats. To further elucidate the mechanism of its renoprotective activity, we studied the effects of the extract on Potassium dichromate–induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The present study assessed the effectiveness of the ethanol stem bark extract of Terminalia ivorensis - against renal oxidative injury evoked by potassium dichromate. MethodsAdult Sprague Dawley rats pre-treated with (100–1000 mg/kg p.o. bwt) of Terminalia ivorensis extract for 5 days were challenged with a single dose of Potassium dichromate (20 mg/kg Sc) in the neck region on the 4th day. On the sixth day, renal function and markers of oxidative injury were assessed. ResultsTerminalia ivorensis (300–1000 mg/kg p.o) pre-treatment dose dependently prevented decreases in urine output in rats challenged with a nephrotoxic dose of Potassium Dichromate. The extract also protected the rats against Potassium dichromate-induced rise in serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Furthermore, it dose dependently prevented Potassium dichromate-induced decrease in renal glutathione (GSH) levels whereas tissue oxidative enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were protected from damage. Markers of lipid peroxidation such as level of renal Malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) also decreased dose dependently when compare with Potassium dichromate treated groups. The extract also protected the histomorphology of the kidney against Potassium dichromate induced damage. ConclusionThe ethanol stem bark extract of Terminalia ivorensis protects kidney against Potassium dichromate-induced renal damage.
Highlights
Renal failure due to kidney damage and associated renal insufficiency is an important adverse effect of common therapeutic agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, vancomycin and polyenes [1,2,3] which limits their clinical usefulness
The tropical plant, Terminalia ivorensis is reported to be useful in the treatment of ulcers, cuts, sores, wounds, general body pains, hemorrhoids, diuresis, malaria and yellow fever [6,7,8,9,10] Because of its purported anti-inflammatory activity in traditional medicine [11], we had reasoned that its effects on the kidney may be similar to that of NSAIDS
Recent work in our laboratory showed that the ethanol extract of the plant protected rats against gentamycin-induced renal damage [12]
Summary
Renal failure due to kidney damage and associated renal insufficiency is an important adverse effect of common therapeutic agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, vancomycin and polyenes [1,2,3] which limits their clinical usefulness. The tropical plant, Terminalia ivorensis is reported to be useful in the treatment of ulcers, cuts, sores, wounds, general body pains, hemorrhoids, diuresis, malaria and yellow fever [6,7,8,9,10] Because of its purported anti-inflammatory activity in traditional medicine [11], we had reasoned that its effects on the kidney may be similar to that of NSAIDS. Recent work in our laboratory showed that the ethanol extract of the plant protected rats against gentamycin-induced renal damage [12]. The plant extract stimulated renal tissue regeneration following damage induced by gentamycin. The objective of the present study was to assess the potential of the ethanol extract of the stem bark of Terminalia ivorensis to reverse renal damage caused by Potassium dichromate, a nephrotoxic hexavalent chromium that induces oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in renal cells [13,14,15]
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