Abstract
Gestational diabetes is a glucose intolerance level first identified during pregnancy. This condition is caused by hormone secretion that hinders insulin action from the placenta which caused insulin resistance that will cause hyperglycemia. This condition will increase oxidative stress, and in consequence increasing inflammation and cell death which can hinder fetal growth and development. Salacca zalacca peel is a food waste that contains antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. This research aimed to study the effect of SZ peel ethanolic extract in the expression of IL-1β and cell death marker (BAX and Apaf-1) in glucose 3% induced zebrafish embryo. Glucose metabolism is measured by the level of Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) at the age of 3 dpf. The expression of PEPCK, IL-1β, Bax, and Apaf-1 is measured using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method. Salacca zalacca peel extract is given in the concentration of 0,1; 0,2; and 0,4 mg/mL. The result of this research proves that PEPCK decreases in the group which was given glucose 3%. Salacca zalacca peel extract significantly decreases the expression of IL-1β and Bax in the concentration of 0,4 mg/mL, and also able to decrease Apaf-1 expression with the result that most closely resemble the negative control in the concentration of 0,4 mg/mL. In conclusion, Salacca zalacca peel extract protects from gestational diabetes condition through the decrease of IL-1β, Bax, and Apaf-1.
Highlights
The population of gestational diabetes mellitus patients within the few decades had shifted, in which the trend of the age onset occurred in female between the age of 18 – 29 years old [1]
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) Expression According to the result obtained, PEPCK expression is lower in groups that are exposed with glucose 3%, compared to control group
PEPCK expression data in each group is displayed on figure 1
Summary
The population of gestational diabetes mellitus patients within the few decades had shifted, in which the trend of the age onset occurred in female between the age of 18 – 29 years old [1]. Gestational diabetes mellitus is the level of glucose intolerance that initially started, or successfully identified, during pregnancy [3]. This condition is enabled because placenta produces hormones like Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and Placental protein-14 (PP14) which could hinder insulin action, causing insulin resistance [4] and in consequence, causing hyperglycemia [5]. Hyperglycemic condition causes elevation of glucose level in the liver duet to gluconeogenesis process. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a rate-controlling enzyme for gluconeogenesis in the liver and kidney, so, PEPCK can be used as a marker for hyperglycemic condition [6]
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