Abstract
Though Oldenlandia diffusa Herba (ODH) has been known to exhibit anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, its anti-amnestic effect has never been reported so far. The aim of this present study was to elucidate the anti-amnestic effect of ODH. ODH pretreatment significantly reduced escape latency of scopolamine treated Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice compared to untreated control groups in a Morris water maze test. Similarly, the passive avoidance test showed that ODH treatment recovered the scopolamine induced amnesia in the ICR mouse model. Concentration of Ach in brains of ODH treated mice was increased compared to that of scopolamine treated mice. In addition, activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was notably decreased by ODH. The protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) (Ser133) was increased in ODH pretreated group compared to control group. Consistently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed the elevated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and p-CREB in brains of ODH treated mice compared to the control group. Overall, these findings suggest that ODH has anti-amnestic potential via activation of BDNF and p-CREB and inhibition of AChE in mice with scopolamine induced amnesia.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a major neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive abilities, which affects memory and learning dysfunction [1]
AD is a progressive disorder characterized by cognitive impairment by neuronal loss [28]
The present study revealed that pretreatment of Oldenlandia diffusa Herba (ODH) for 28 days protected the scopolamine induced amnesia Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse model
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a major neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive abilities, which affects memory and learning dysfunction [1]. World Alzheimer Reports, 46.8 million people have been suffering from AD in 2016 worldwide [2]. The number of AD incidence is increasing over the two decades, and 1 in 85 people will be diagnosed with AD by the year 2050 [3,4]. A neuromodulator, is reported to have a crucial role in the process of perception, attention, learning and memory [6]. Ach releases in the hippocampus and brain cortex, which is involved in memory and learning [7]. High Ach concentration increases the magnitude of afferent input through
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