Abstract
In this study, the effects of an ethanolic extract of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei 18W-13a strain (AM18W-13a) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264 murine macrophages were studied. Pre-treatment with the AM18W-13a extract significantly suppressed the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RAW264 cells treated with the AM18W-13a extract for 1 and 24 h were subjected to DNA microarray analyses for detecting the differentially expressed genes. The treatment of RAW264 cells with the AM18W-13a extract for 24 h significantly suppressed the expression of several genes associated with inflammation or chemotaxis. Furthermore, treatment with the AM18W-13a extract for 1 h suppressed the expression of Pde4b, but induced the expression of Egr2 and Egr3 in RAW264 cells. Additionally, the AM18W-13a extract significantly enhanced the expression of certain anti-inflammatory mediators. This study is the first report of the anti-inflammatory effects of the AM18W-13a extract and its mechanism of action in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages.
Highlights
Inflammation is a highly regulated immune response, in which tissues respond to injury and infection for eliminating the cause of injury, repairing damages, and returning to the original healthy state (Morson, 1970)
We evaluated the effects of LPS on the proliferation of RAW264 cells and the production of nitric oxide (NO)
We found that the proliferation of LPS (0.01–100 ng/ml)-treated RAW264 cells was significantly reduced (Supplementary Figure S1), while the production of NO was significantly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner, following treatment with the extract (Supplementary Figure S2)
Summary
Inflammation is a highly regulated immune response, in which tissues respond to injury and infection for eliminating the cause of injury, repairing damages, and returning to the original healthy state (Morson, 1970). The major classes of drugs used to suppress inflammation are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. Their use is limited owing to several undesirable side effects, including peptic ulceration, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, and kidney problems (Sostres et al, 2010). Anti-inflammatory Effects of Aurantiochytrium Extract attention as better alternatives to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and corticosteroids for treating inflammation, owing to their therapeutic activities. Especially microalgae, are considered to be a promising source of novel bioactive natural compounds that can serve as raw materials for functional foods, cosmetic products, and drug discovery. Microalgal species produce several other potent and biologically active novel compounds, which require further exploration
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