Abstract
Ethanol and citric acid can increase longevity in some cut flowers. However, its use must be extremely careful, with application methods and specific concentrations for each type of cut flower. Thus, the objective was to examine the physico-chemical and physiological changes in Gerbera cv. Mistique cut flowers treated with ethanol (Et) and/or citric acid (CA). Stem were selected and standardized to a length of 35 cm and maintained at 20 ± 2 ºC and RH 65 ± 2%, under continuous lighting. The flowers were subjected to two application methods (pulsing for 48 h and maintenance), using different concentrations of Et (4%, 6%, and 8%) and/or CA (100 and 200 mg L-1) and distilled water (control). A visual assessment and analyses of longevity, stem bending, fresh mass, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities were performed at every two days. The Et (4%) + CA (100 mg L-1) solution provided the greatest longevity, regardless of the application method. These results were the basis for a third experiment, in which the stems were immersed in pulsing solutions of Et (4%) and/or CA (100 mg L-1) and distilled water (control). The Gerbera flowers under Et + CA solution showed lower fresh mass loss and electrolyte leakage, higher relative water content and a slower increase in polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities. This allowed for delayed stem bending and better appearance, resulting in greater longevity compared to the other solutions.
Highlights
The floriculture sector has grown all over the globe, which has increasingly driven the economy of this segment in the last decades
The use of ethanol on flowers postharvest is still a controversial topic, considering that its benefits depend on the applied concentration and that high doses may damage the integrity of membranes (Heins, 1980) that interfere with cell functioning (Heins and Blakely, 1980)
Studies have shown an increase in longevity of cut flowers
Summary
The floriculture sector has grown all over the globe, which has increasingly driven the economy of this segment in the last decades. In cut Gerbera flowers, the stem starts to bend in the first days postharvest This constitutes a great difficulty to their commerce (Witte et al, 2014), because consumers demand quality, durability and freshness, which depend directly upon care since harvest and during transport (Fisher et al, 2015). Low concentrations of ethanol inhibited ethylene biosynthesis and reduced respiration, ACC oxidase and synthase activities and the symptoms of senescence in chrysanthemums, increasing vase life (Bazaz et al, 2015). This response was found in carnation (Pun et al, 2014) and lotus when combined with ascorbic acid or calcium ascorbate (Gao et al, 2017).
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