Abstract
Previous studies about the influence of taxing on accountancy have shown that companies have incentives to manage their earnings aiming to reduce taxes. This fact suggests that managers have a discretionary behavior over the accounting components equity and income with the purpose of reducing the taxable earnings through accounting maneuvers; therefore, the value of the taxable earnings affects the amount of accruals present in the accounting results of companies. The objective of this study was to check whether the accounting earnings management is motivated by tax issues. The explanatory and descriptive survey was based on a sample of 286 firms-year, made up of the 50 largest Brazilian public companies listed in the magazine Exame Melhores e Maiores 2006, covering the period between 2000 and 2005. The research used McNichols and Wilson’s (1998) general earnings management model and also the modified Jones and KS operational models to estimate accruals. The results show that the econometric models have low predictive power; in relation to the research hypothesis, it cannot be affirmed that tax incentives have an affect on the measuring process of accounting numbers in Brazilian public companies.Key words: earnings management, tax accounting, accounting information quality.
Highlights
INTRODUÇÃO A informação contábil influencia as decisões individuais de seus usuários, afetando a alocação dos recursos e o funcionamento dos mercados e, consequentemente, a eficiência da economia
on accountancy have shown that companies have incentives to manage their earnings aiming to reduce taxes
This fact suggests that managers have a discretionary behavior over the accounting components equity and income
Summary
CONTABILIDADE E TRIBUTAÇÃO Observada pela Teoria da Agência, a Contabilidade tem como objetivo auxiliar na moderação dos problemas de agência, na medida em que busca reduzir a assimetria informacional entre o agente e o principal. O presente estudo considerou somente as empresas que apuram o imposto de renda com base no lucro real, pois essa forma de tributação parte do resultado contábil para apurar a base de cálculo do imposto (lucro tributável), propiciando, assim, maior possibilidade de discricionariedade dos gestores e, consequentemente, a eventual manipulação dos números contábeis. Essa prática oportunística dos administradores (gerenciamento dos resultados) não pode ser confundida com fraude, pois é desenvolvida dentro dos padrões prescritos pelas normas contábeis e pela legislação tributária, em especial, no processo de mensuração e evidenciação que oferecem possibilidades de julgamento por parte dos gestores que utilizam da sua discricionariedade (arbitrariedade) para reportar o resultado desejado. Corroborando este entendimento, estudo recente indica a utilização oportunista das margens facilitadas pelas normas contábeis buscando melhorar indicadores financeiros e econômicos por meio de ativos fiscais diferidos (Kronbauer et al, 2010)
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