Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected disease that is endemic in 21 countries in South America. In Brazil, chronic cases currently predominate, however, outbreaks of acute cases have occurred with considerable frequency. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan called Trypanosoma cruzi and has as vector the triatomine popularly known as barber. The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the cases of acute chagas disease registered in the country between 2007 and 2018. The work was developed through direct research to the data available on the platform of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The study variables considered were the types of transmission, which can be classified as Ign/white, transfusional, vectorial, vertical, accidental, oral or other. The data were tabulated according to the number of cases and the corresponding percentage, using the Word and Excel programs, respectively. As a result, of the 2.646 total cases, the majority prevalence of the Northern Region of Brazil was obtained, with a total of 2.505 cases of acute chagas disease, corresponding to 94,67% of the Brazilian cases. After, there is the Northeast region, with 96 confirmed cases (3,63%). In the third position is the Midwest region, with 34 cases (1,28%), followed by the Southeast region, with 7 cases (0,26%) and the South, with only 4 registered cases corresponding to 0,15%. The study pointed out that, although the vector route is the most popularly known, there was a considerable increase in the oral transmission of the disease, a fact that can be explained by the eating habits of consumption of tropical fruits and juices, such as açaí and sugarcane juice. This indicates that measures should be taken, such as greater rigor in food surveillance, in addition to vector control. In addition, the importance of the existence of a digital platform where the population can have access to public health data is ratified.
Highlights
Chagas disease is a neglected disease that is endemic in 21 countries in South America
In the third position is the Midwest region, with 34 cases (1,28%), followed by the Southeast region, with 7 cases (0,26%) and the South, with only 4 registered cases corresponding to 0,15%
The study pointed out that, the vector route is the most popularly known, there was a considerable increase in the oral transmission of the disease, a fact that can be explained by the eating habits of consumption of tropical fruits and juices, such as açaí and sugarcane juice
Summary
Este trabalho foi realizado através das pesquisas diretas de dados de casos confirmados de Doença de Chagas Aguda disponíveis no site do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), vinculado ao Governo Federal. Foram considerados no presente estudo apenas os casos agudos de Doença de Chagas, ou seja, apenas aqueles que possuem manifestações características da doença na fase aguda, como, por exemplo, picos febris, além da facilidade de encontrar parasitas viáveis em exames parasitológicos diretos, onde podem ser constatadas as formas infectantes tripomastigotas, bem como a avaliação direta do sangue em lâmina vista ao microscópio. Os dados também foram classificados por porcentagem, utilizando o programa Excel. Já com os resultados numerados, foram confeccionadas tabelas através do programa operacional Word, sendo classificados de acordo com as cinco regiões brasileiras estudadas
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