Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating histopathological changes in gills of Rhamdia quelenjuveniles submitted to different concentrations of ibuprofen (0.0; 0.5; 5.0 and 50.0 mg/L); concentrations were determined from LC50acute assays of 5.0mg/L(120h). For each concentration four replicates were made, with four copies each. The experiment had a total duration of 120 hours in a chronic toxicological trial. After completion, the animals were euthanized, laparotomized, and the gills were localized, isolated and fixed in 10% formaldehyde, preserved in 70% alcohol and subsequently submitted to histological routine technique for paraffin inclusion. Fivecuts (6μM) per specimen were made and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). The Average Alteration Score(AAS) and Histopathological Alteration Indices (HAI) were determined according to the degree of the lesion and then classified in stages I, II and III which produced respectively Lamellar derangement, Lamella’s epithelium rupture and aneurysm with more expressive alterations. For all concentrations the drug led to histological alterations for Rhamdia quelen, putting in evidence damages that go from moderate to severe in the gills of the analysed fishes. Ibuprofen caused branchial lesions in R.quelenwith a progressive effect in high concentrations, suggesting that the presence of this drug could cause abnormalities and favour mortality in this species.
Highlights
Water is seen as an essential and irreplaceable element for the organisms development and most of the times has its quality compromised in many ways, among them, industrial effluents disposal, drugs disposal in general waste, fertilizers drainage, pesticides, heavy metals accidental or not spill, organic and inorganic compounds, among others (GALLI & ABE, 2010).Population usually have the bad habit of disposing drugs anywhere, contaminating water and soil, which may increase the risks and adverse effects to human, animals, and aquatic organisms health (ZAPPAROLI; CAMARA; BECK, 2011)
The present study aimed at evaluating histopathological changes in gills of Rhamdia quelen juveniles submitted to different concentrations of ibuprofen (0.0; 0.5; 5.0 and 50.0 mg/L); concentrations were determined from LC50 acute assays of 5.0 mg/L (120h)
For all concentrations the drug led to histological alterations for Rhamdia quelen, putting in evidence damages that go from moderate to severe in the gills of the analysed fishes
Summary
Water is seen as an essential and irreplaceable element for the organisms development and most of the times has its quality compromised in many ways, among them, industrial effluents disposal, drugs disposal in general waste, fertilizers drainage, pesticides, heavy metals accidental or not spill, organic and inorganic compounds, among others (GALLI & ABE, 2010). Ibuprofen (isobutylpropanoicophenolic acid), is a drug of great relevance because it is commonly used, it is recommended for fevers, slight or moderate pain, and because of this has antipyretic, analgesic and antiinflammatory effects This drug has free sale, it can be acquired without prescription, and it is in the drugs national list of the basic component of pharmaceutical care, which contemplate drugs and inputs available in Unified Health System (hereby SUS) (RENAME, 2010). The specie culture in the South of Brazil has increased because of its rapid growth even in the coldest months, which characterise a good management resistance (CARNEIRO, 2002; FRACALOSSI et al, 2002) This is a benthic catfish, substratum speculator, which is fed by ground and water insects, crustaceans, plant remains, in addition to fishes such as lambaris and guarus and it has nocturnal habits (CASATTI & CASTRO 2006, OYAKAWA et al, 2006). This paper’s purpose was to determine ibuprofen chronic toxicological potential in Rhamdia quelen juveniles, and the analysing histomorphological alterations induced by this drug
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