Estudios de caracteres de canal y carne de diferentes genotipos de cerdo Ibérico alimentados en un sistema tradicional extensivo

Abstract

Carcass composition and meat quality traits of three different genotypes of pure Iberian pig, i.e., Retinto (R), Torbiscal (T) and Torbiscal*Retinto (TR), as well as a Duroc*Retinto (DR) crossbred, were evaluated. A total of 48 pigs, 12 of each genotype, were used. Thickness of back fat (BF) depots, namely inner (i), middle (m), outer (o) and total (t), measured at the 10th and 14th rib levels (iBF10, mBF10, oBF10, tBF10, iBF14, mBF14, oBF14 and tBF14, respectively), were determined in the carcass. Loin area (LA) at the 10th and 14th rib levels (LA10 and LA14, respectively) were measured with a planimeter, and percent intramuscular fat (IMF) was chemically analysed. Weights (W) and yields (Y) of prime meat cuts, namely ham (H), foreleg (F), loin (L), and tenderloin (TL) were recorded (HW, FW, LW, TLW and HY, FY and LY, respectively), and total prime cut weight (TCW) and yield (TCY) were calculated. Since the DR genotype grew faster than expected, these had to be finished on concentrate and, consequently, not all meat quality traits were analysed, as they are affected by feeding system. Therefore, DR pigs were used only for carcass traits comparisons. Data were analysed by using the GLM procedures in SAS with carcass weight (within genotype) as a covariate. In relation to fat deposition traits, the R genotype had significantly greater IMF, IBF10, MBF10 and TBF10 than the other genotypes, and the T genotype had significantly greater OBF10 and OBF14 than the other genotypes. In relation to meat deposition, HW and HY were equal for all genotypes, but TR and DR genotypes had heavier forelegs and loins than R and T genotypes. Among pure Iberian genotypes, TR had larger prime cut weights and yields than R but similar to T. On the other hand, DR had the largest TCW and TCY.