Estudio demográfico de las personas con nuevo diagnóstico de infección por VIH en el área sanitaria de un hospital de tercer nivel

Abstract

IntroductionCountering HIV infection remains a primary objective of the Spanish National Health System. Emergency services play a crucial role in reducing missed diagnostic opportunities, with estimates suggesting that one in 3 such opportunities occur here. The aim of the study is to examine the geographical dispersion of newly diagnosed HIV cases, within a downtown Madrid hospital. MethodsThis is an observational, descriptive, retrospective study evaluating the geographical distribution of new HIV diagnoses in the care area of a tertiary University Hospital in the Community of Madrid. ResultsThree hundred and eighty-seven individuals with a new diagnosis of HIV infection between 2018 and 2020 were analysed, the majority being young people with an average age of 36±9 years. 86% were gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and 48.6% were immigrants. 15.3% presented with CD4+<200cells/mm3 and 9.5% with an AIDS-defining illness. 32.7% and 5.1% had an RNA-HIV-1>100,000copies/mL and >500,000copies/mL, respectively, with up to 13.7% of subjects presenting resistance mutations at diagnosis. Geographically, 51.4% of individuals came from 4 Health Centres and more than 70% of the new diagnoses were included in nine Health Centres. ConclusionBetter understanding the geographical distribution of new HIV diagnoses by health areas allows us to identify areas of higher transmission risk, thereby directing and implementing prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment measures.