Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Adapting to chronic disease is a complex process influenced by psychosocial factors. Considering the rather limited time of medical consultations, it would be beneficial to have instruments that evaluate these psychosocial factors quickly and easily, allowing the identification of potential focuses of intervention. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the psychometric properties of a questionnaire that assesses coping with chronic illness, social support and eating behavior in people with diabetes and/or hypertension. METHODS: The questionnaire is composed of a set of 25 items generated by both the authors and existing questionnaires. The subjects for this study are 216 diabetes and/or hypertension patients, who joined a remote monitoring program for these pathologies. The analysis considered parallel analyzes for the number of factors, factorial analysis (principal axis), reliability and multiple linear or logistic regression with data reported by the patients (for example, HbA1c) as well as and observable data obtained with a telemonitoring program (biochemical glycemia data and/or blood pressure and adherence to the program). RESULTS: Five factors were identified: active, avoidance and passive resignation coping, overfeeding and social support. Factors presented a reliability of .54 to .91. Coping strategies were associated with adherence to treatments and pathology severity. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest the questionnaire has acceptable psychometrical properties, allowing the identification of psychosocial aspects that influence the management and prognosis of the pathology.
Highlights
Adapting to chronic disease is a complex process influenced by psychosocial factors
La mayor utilización de estrategias de afrontamiento activas y la menor utilización de estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas, estaría asociado a una mayor adherencia a los tratamientos e indicadores de salud a largo plazo como es el IMC
(2006) Eating behavior among type 2 diabetic patients: A poorly recognized aspect in a poorly controlled disease
Summary
Sobrealimentación también se asocia a los tres tipos de afrontamiento, correlacionando negativamente con Afrontamiento Activo (r = -.158, p < .05) y positivamente con Afrontamiento Evitativo (r = .164, p < .05) y Afrontamiento de Resignación Pasiva (r = .333, p < .01). Los factores Apoyo Social, Afrontamiento de Resignación y Sobrealimentación presentaron una buena consistencia interna, con valores de .915, .727 y .774, respectivamente. Finalmente, el factor Afrontamiento Activo presentó una consistencia interna baja, con un valor de .547. Una de las razones posibles para los bajos niveles de consistencia interna de los factores de Afrontamiento Evitativo y Afrontamiento Activo puede ser el bajo número de ítems que los componen (3). Desviaciones estándar, correlaciones y coeficientes de alfa de cronbach de las subescalas
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