Abstract
El Colegio Máximo de Cartuja en Granada fue construido por los jesuitas en el siglo XIX. El estudio arqueométrico de sus materiales: ladrillos, azulejos, vidrieras y morteros, define el concepto vernáculo de esta construcción, referenciada en el marco geológico de la “formación Alhambra”, junto a la identificación de materias primas y técnicas utilizadas por los nazaríes desde el siglo XIII. Los resultados de XRD, XRF y DTA confirman el uso de arcillas locales para fabricación de ladrillos y losetas que se hornearon a temperaturas de ≤750 ºC. Las arcillas debieron contener aditivos de NaCl que beneficiaron la sinterización cerámica, y se comprobó el uso de colores de tradición nazarí (Cu, Fe, Sn) en los esmaltes y vidrieras. Las materias primas locales también se usaron para producir aglomerantes aéreos. Estos resultados se han combinado para crear una guía de buenas prácticas para la restauración sostenible de los edificios del patrimonio cultural.
Highlights
The characterization of building materials has become an important aspect in restoration research, so much so that it forms a perfect symbiosis with the conservation of historical heritage in sites of universal value
The presence of dolomite may be due to the raw materials used in the manufacture of the bricks, the vast majority of which come from the Paleosoils (Pleistocene) geological formation based on red clays, gravels and sands, composed of calcareous, ferruginous and dolomitic clays, together with illite minerals and lime, and dolomitic grogs (33)
The presence of analcime in the diffractogram could be due to the clay raw materials of geographical context that could contain sodium, or due to the alteration by soluble salts coming from subsoil, deposited in the bricks once laid in the building (41), (42)
Summary
The characterization of building materials has become an important aspect in restoration research, so much so that it forms a perfect symbiosis with the conservation of historical heritage in sites of universal value. Previous studies based on the characterization of materials using quantitative and qualitative techniques (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) confirm the validity of this approach. It is necessary highlighting the importance of the analyzes it was performed, which provide precise information about the properties and characteristics of the materials involved (4), (10), (11), (12).
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