Abstract
Ep-CAM, an epithelial cell-cell adhesion receptor, is often over-expressed in association with proliferation and remodeling in epithelial tissues. Development of the mouse mammary gland during pregnancy is associated with a progressive upregulation of Ep-CAM expression, eventually reaching very high levels at day 16 of pregnancy. This phenomenon is paralleled by a concomitant branching of the mammary ductal tree and a sustained epithelial cell proliferation. Using a MMTV-LTR/Ep-CAM transgenic mouse model, we demonstrate that forced expression of Ep-CAM in the mammary epithelium leads to an induction of budding and secondary branching of the glandular tree in virgin females. Interestingly, a complete cycle of gestation in the Ep-CAM transgenic mice results in extreme ductal hyperplasia/ductectasia and lobular hypoplasia, in combination with partially decreased differentiation of both ductal and alveolar (lobular) epithelial cells. Surprisingly, mammary gland involution is affected because of a decreased frequency of apoptotic figures and increased rate of cell proliferation. These results support novel morphoregulatory functions for the adhesion receptor Ep-CAM in epithelial tissue development and homeostasis.
Highlights
Lymph node biopsy is important as a prognostic factor, and influences therapy
In this study we determined the in vivo cell kinetics along the spectrum of apparently normal epithelium, hyperplasia, preinvasive lesions and invasive carcinoma, in breast tissues affected by fibrocystic changes in which preinvasive and/or invasive lesions developed, as a model of breast carcinogenesis
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of wound healing drainages and postsurgical sera obtained from breast carcinoma (BC) patients on proliferation of dormant BC cells and to assess the role of HER2 oncoprotein in this proliferation
Summary
Lymph node biopsy is important as a prognostic factor, and influences therapy. In the transition from normal epithelium to hyperplasia and from preinvasive lesions to invasive carcinoma, the net growth of epithelial cells results from a growth imbalance in favour of proliferation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in symptomatic patients after breast cancer treatment. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered as a treatment option for patients with persisting symptomatology following breast-conserving therapy. We hypothesized that COX-2 expression was associated with that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human breast cancer. Conclusion: COX-2 expression is significantly associated with increased cellular proliferation and angiogenesis in invasive breast cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that the sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a reliable and minimally invasive method for determining the axillary node status in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: Overexpression of episialin strongly inhibits fat secretion, and critically affects timing of involution of the lactating mammary gland
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