Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and the most common cause of cancer-related death. To date, it is still a challenge to estimate the magnitude of the clinical impact of physical activity (PA) on those parameters producing significative changes in future BC risk and disease progression. However, studies conducted in recent years highlight the role of PA not only as a protective factor for the development of ER+ breast cancer but, more generally, as a useful tool in the management of BC treatment as an adjuvant to traditional therapies. In this review, we focused our attention on data obtained from human studies analyzing, at each level of disease prevention (i.e., primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary), the positive impact of PA/exercise in ER+ BC, a subtype representing approximately 70% of all BC diagnoses. Moreover, given the importance of estrogen receptors and body composition (i.e., adipose tissue) in this subtype of BC, an overview of their role will also be made throughout this review.
Highlights
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in 140 of 184 countries worldwide, and it is the most common cause of cancer-related death in 103 countries [1]
We focused our attention on data obtained from human studies analyzing, at each level of disease prevention, the positive impact of physical activity (PA)/exercise in sedentary/non-active subjects (
Different studies demonstrate that growth factors, hormones and cytokines produced by the tumor microenvironment play pivotal roles in the progression of ER+ BC, and many of these signaling pathways can directly affect the transcriptional activity and function of ER, independently by the classical estrogenic ligands
Summary
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in 140 of 184 countries worldwide, and it is the most common cause of cancer-related death in 103 countries [1]. It is estimated that about 50% of DCIS patients will progress to invasive cancer [4] Another classification is made according to the molecular subtype, determined by the analysis of the gene expression of HER2, and by quantitative hormone receptor (HR). The implementation of an effective intervention plan is necessary at each level, from the origins of the cause to the management of disease; it is a priority to understand the risk factors leading to the development of disease and possible interventional approaches In this narrative review, we focused our attention on data obtained from human studies analyzing, at each level of disease prevention (i.e., primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary), the positive impact of physical activity (PA)/exercise in sedentary/non-active subjects (
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