Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effects of estrogen on the onset and development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and the mechanisms associated with these effects by constructing a pubescent bipedal rat model. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether scoliosis progression was prevented by a Triptorelin treatment. One hundred twenty bipedal rats were divided into female, OVX (ovariectomy), OVX + E2, Triptorelin, sham, and male groups. According to a spinal radiographic analysis, the scoliosis rates and curve severity of the female and OVX + E2 groups were higher than those in the OVX, Triptorelin, and male groups. The measurements obtained from the sagittal plane of thoracic vertebrae CT confirmed a relatively slower growth of the anterior elements and a faster growth of the posterior elements between T11 and T13 in the female and OVX + E2 groups than in the OVX and Triptorelin groups. Histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly longer hypertrophic zone of the vertebral cartilage growth plates that expressed more type X collagen and less type II collagen in the OVX and Triptorelin groups than in the female and OVX + E2 groups. Ki67 immunostaining confirmed an increase in the proliferation of vertebral growth plate chondrocytes in the OVX group compared with the female and OVX + E2 groups. In conclusion, estrogen obviously increased the incidence of scoliosis and curve severity in pubescent bipedal rats. The underlying mechanism may be a loss of coupling of the endochondral ossification between the anterior and posterior columns. Triptorelin decreased the incidence of scoliosis and curve magnitudes in bipedal female rats.
Highlights
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is one of the most frequent forms of spinal deformation[1,2]
Estrogen significantly increased the incidence of scoliotic curves and curve severity in bipedal rats at puberty, indicating that estrogen is a factor contributing to AIS
Estrogen is a factor contributing to the onset of scoliosis, while other studies have claimed that estrogen
Summary
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is one of the most frequent forms of spinal deformation[1,2]. Estrogen, have been reported to play roles in the onset and development of AIS13,14. Official journal of the Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. AIS, including serum estrogen concentrations, the cellular response to estrogen, age at menarche, and gene polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor genes, which are closely associated with incidence of scoliosis and curve severity[14]. The exact role of estrogen in AIS and its mechanisms are controversial. According to Leboeuf, estrogens are not causative factors in AIS, but they likely impact scoliosis by interacting with factors that modulate bone growth, biomechanics, and structure[14]. The exact roles and mechanisms by which estrogen participates in the onset and progression of AIS remain unclear, and further research is needed
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