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Abstract
The lumen of the fallopian tube (FT) is lined with columnar epithelium composed of secretory and ciliated cells, both of which are important for reproduction. However, the molecular mechanism regulating cell fate remains controversial. In this study, we established a primary culture system using porcine fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTECs) to study the differentiation mechanism. We found that estrogen promoted the differentiation of multi-ciliated cells (MCCs) through estrogen receptor β, following the reduction of DLL1, a ligand of Notch. Meanwhile, epidermal growth factor (EGF), a regulator of epithelial homeostasis and differentiation, suppressed ciliogenesis by the activation of Notch signaling. However, the estrogen pathway did not affect the activation of the EGF pathway. Taken together, the differentiation of MMCs in FT depends on the balance of EGF and estrogen signaling, either of which inhibits or stimulates the Notch signaling pathway respectively.
Highlights
The lumen of the fallopian tube (FT) is lined with a columnar epithelium composed of secretory and ciliated cells, both of which have critical roles in conditioning the epithelial surface for efficient reproduction [1]
In order to understand how these hormones regulate the differentiation of fallopian tube epithelium (FTE), we established a primary culture of fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTECs) where ciliogenesis could be induced in Air–Liquid Interface (ALI) condition
E2 is indispensable for ciliogenesis, as FTECs that grew in the absence of E2 displayed no or very little multiple cilia (Figure 1A)
Summary
The lumen of the fallopian tube (FT) is lined with a columnar epithelium composed of secretory and ciliated cells, both of which have critical roles in conditioning the epithelial surface for efficient reproduction [1]. The secretory cells produce mucous fluid, and the flow derived from the motile cilia of ciliated cells facilitates the transport of gametes. As the streams of ovarian steroid hormones, such as progesterone and estrogen, change dramatically, various signaling pathways change the condition of fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTECs). Previous studies showed that progesterone and estrogen receptors are expressed in the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and regulate the differentiation of FTECs [2,3]. Estrogen (E2) has a role in the induction and maintenance of the mature FTE [4,5]
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