Abstract
PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a member of non-coding RNA, originate from intergenic repetitive regions of the genome. piRNA expressions increase in various cancers and it is thought that this increase could be caused by hormones. We aimed to determine the effects of hormones on piRNA expression in breast and prostate cancer. High viability and a decrease in adhesion were observed at the concentrations of the highest proliferation. Furthermore, an increase in adhesion was also observed in MDA-MB-231 cells. After hormone treatment, while piR-651 expression had increased both breast and prostate cancer cell lines, piR-823 expressions increased in prostate cancer cell lines and only in the breast cancer cell line which was malignant. Thus, it was determined that piR-823 might show different expressions in different type of cancers.
Highlights
Gender dependent steroid hormones play an important role in the development and mechanism of cancer of the reproductive system, in prostate cancer in males and uterus and breast cancer in females [1,2]
Our study investigates the PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in hormone-dependent and hormone-independent cancer cells, and its aim is to determine whether these piRNAs play effective roles only in hormone-dependent cancers or the same is true for hormone-independent cancers as well
Prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Washington D.C., USA), and the cells were incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM; Gibco, United Kingdom) containing 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco, UK) and 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, UK)
Summary
Gender dependent steroid hormones play an important role in the development and mechanism of cancer of the reproductive system, in prostate cancer in males and uterus and breast cancer in females [1,2]. A steroid hormone, plays an important role in the development of prostate cancer [3]. Prostate cancer develops in two ways, being either androgen-dependent or androgen-independent. Androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, are seen in the advanced stages of cancer development and do not need androgen in order to grow after these stages. The inefficacy of androgen in these types of cancer cells is associated with the changes, such as mutation, amplification or deletion, in the androgen receptor [2,4,5]. The most common type of cancer after lung cancer, originates from cells in the tissues producing or carrying human breast milk, 80% of which are the epithelial layers of the lactiferous ducts [6] which contain estrogen receptors, and PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0159044 July 14, 2016
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