Abstract
Linear Mixed Effect (LME) models are applied to the CoastColour atmospherically-corrected Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) reflectance, L2R full resolution product, to derive chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and Secchi disk depth (SDD) in Lake Erie, which is considered as a Case II water (i.e., turbid and productive). A LME model considers the correlation that exists in the field measurements which have been performed repeatedly in space and time. In this study, models are developed based on the relation between the logarithmic scale of the water quality parameters and band ratios: B07:665 nm to B09:708.75 nm for log10chl-a and B06:620 nm to B04:510 nm for log10SDD. Cross validation is performed on the models. The results show good performance of the models, with Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) and Mean Bias Errors (MBE) of 0.31 and 0.018 for log10chl-a, and 0.19 and 0.006 for log10SDD, respectively. The models are then applied to a time series of MERIS images acquired over Lake Erie from 2004–2012 to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the water quality parameters. Produced maps reveal distinct monthly patterns for different regions of Lake Erie that are in agreement with known biogeochemical properties of the lake. The Detroit River and Maumee River carry sediments and nutrients to the shallow western basin. Hence, the shallow western basin of Lake Erie experiences the most intense algal blooms and the highest turbidity compared to the other sections of the lake. Maumee Bay, Sandusky Bay, Rondeau Bay and Long Point Bay are estimated to have prolonged intense algal bloom.
Highlights
Lake Erie, a turbid and regionally eutrophic lake, is the most southern and shallowest of the Laurentian Great Lakes
The graphs reveal that the concentrations of chl-a, Total suspended matters (TSM), and loads aCDOMinto
Results from the Linear Mixed Effect (LME) models calibration show that the band ratio of B07:665 nm to B09:708.75 nm is highly negatively correlated with the variations of chl-a concentration in Lake Erie
Summary
Lake Erie, a turbid and regionally eutrophic lake, is the most southern and shallowest of the Laurentian Great Lakes. The problem of excess nutrients and resulting algal blooms are threatening the ecosystem of the lake and the economic activities of the surrounding regions. The ecological state of Lake Erie significantly affects its role as a natural, social, and economic resource, considering that the lake is as an essential drinking water source that offers many opportunities for recreational activities, fisheries and tourism. The Lakewide Management Plan was signed in 1972 to restore and maintain the ecological health of the lake [2]. Ongoing efforts to support this plan require high-resolution measurements of the water quality parameters on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Remote sensing has the potential to infer the lake bio-optical/water quality parameters, overcoming these concerns
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
