Estimation of Trace and Toxic Metals from Cannabis Sativa Plant in District, Kech Baluchistan, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Cannabis sativa, a plant indigenous to the Kech district in Baluchistan, Pakistan, is traditionally used for medicinal purposes. Understanding its trace and toxic metal content is crucial for evaluating its safety and therapeutic potential. Objective: The primary aim of this study is to estimate the levels of trace and toxic metals in various parts of Cannabis sativa plants grown in the Kech district and assess the potential health risks associated with their consumption. Methods: The leaves, stems, and roots of Cannabis sativa were analyzed for metals including Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Nickel (Co). Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was employed to quantify the metal content. Results: The plant exhibited high levels of Fe (20.34 ppm in leaves), Zn (24.14 ppm in leaves), Ca (9.29 ppm in leaves), Cu (14.40 ppm in leaves), K (10.56 ppm in leaves), Mg (13.47 ppm in leaves), and Na (12.25 ppm in leaves). Conversely, lower concentrations of Cd (0.65 ppm in leaves), Co (2.29 ppm in leaves), As (0.53 ppm in leaves), and Pb (1.60 ppm in leaves) were detected. The leaves contained higher concentrations of these metals compared to the stems and roots. Conclusion: The presence of beneficial trace metals like Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ca in significant amounts suggests Cannabis sativa's potential for treating diseases related to deficiencies of these metals. However, the low levels of toxic metals indicate minimal health risks, affirming its safety for medicinal use.