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Abstract
The source rupture process of the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake was estimated by the joint kinematic source inversion with near-field waveforms, teleseismic waveforms, and geodetic data. The estimated seismic moment and maximum slip are 7.5 × 1020 Nm (M w 7.9) and 7.3 m, respectively. The total source duration is approximately 50 s. The derived source model has a unilateral rupture toward the east and a large-slip area north of Kathmandu with the maximum slip. Using the estimated source model together with a one-dimensional (1-D) velocity basin structure model, long-period (> 4 s) ground motions were simulated at a site located in the Kathmandu basin, where strong ground motions with predominant components in a 4–5s period were observed during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. This simulation demonstrated that the major features of the observed waveforms can be reproduced by our source model and the 1-D basin structure model.
Highlights
The 2015 Gorkha earthquake occurred in central Nepal at 11:56 on April 25, 2015, local time (06:11 on April 25, Coordinated Universal Time)
Source model of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake From the posterior probability distributions for slips at each subfault on each time window, which were based on the 80,000 ensembles of a source model produced by the fully Bayesian multiple-time-window source inversion (Kubo et al 2016), we obtained the optimal source model composed of median slips of their distributions
The derived source model has the unilateral rupture toward the east and a large-slip area north of Kathmandu with the maximum slip
Summary
The 2015 Gorkha earthquake occurred in central Nepal at 11:56 on April 25, 2015, local time (06:11 on April 25, Coordinated Universal Time). Based on the source mechanism and hypocenter, this event was a thrust-type interplate earthquake between the subducting Indian plate and the overriding Eurasian plate. This earthquake caused strong ground motions across Nepal with a maximum seismic intensity of VIII on the modified Mercalli intensity scale. This earthquake and the following aftershocks killed approximately 9000 people and injured more than 23,000 people. It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake
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