Estimation of the Respiratory Rate from Localised ECG at Different Auscultation Sites.

Xinqi Bao,Ernest Nlandu Kamavuako,Aimé Kingwengwe Abdala

doi:10.3390/s21010078

Xinqi Bao, Ernest Nlandu Kamavuako + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010078

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Abstract

The respiratory rate (RR) is a vital physiological parameter in prediagnosis and daily monitoring. It can be obtained indirectly from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using ECG-derived respiration (EDR) techniques. As part of the study in designing an early cardiac screening system, this work aimed to study whether the accuracy of ECG derived RR depends on the auscultation sites. Experiments were conducted on 12 healthy subjects to obtain simultaneous ECG (at auscultation sites and Lead I as reference) and respiration signals from a microphone close to the nostril. Four EDR algorithms were tested on the data to estimate RR in both the time and frequency domain. Results reveal that: (1) The location of the ECG electrodes between auscultation sites does not impact the estimation of RR, (2) baseline wander and amplitude modulation algorithms outperformed the frequency modulation and band-pass filter algorithms, (3) using frequency domain features to estimate RR can provide more accurate RR except when using the band-pass filter algorithm. These results pave the way for ECG-based RR estimation in miniaturised integrated cardiac screening device.

Highlights

Respiratory rate (RR) is the physiological indicator of breaths per minute, which is commonly used as an early warning sign in disease detection
The aim of this study is threefold: (1) To investigate if the location of the electrodes at auscultation sites will affect the ECG-derived respiration (EDR) algorithm accuracy; (2) to compare the performance of one-lead EDR algorithms based on the mentioned respiration-induced ECG variation; (3) to compare time-domain and frequency-domain features for respiratory rate (RR) estimation
From (a) to (d), it can be seen that the amplitude of the R-peak, s-wave, and T-wave become larger from auscultation site A to M

Summary

Introduction

Respiratory rate (RR) is the physiological indicator of breaths per minute, which is commonly used as an early warning sign in disease detection. The normal RR of a healthy adult at rest is between 12–16 bpm [1]. For an infant, it ranges from 30–60 bpm, and with growth, the RR will gradually reach the adult level [2]. The resting RR of older people may slightly increase. For the healthy independent seniors, it is 12–20 bpm, and those who need long-term care will reach

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