Estimation of the residue capacity of lithium iron phosphate battery based on the internal resistance obtained from charging voltage drop

Abstract

This study takes the 80 Ah lithium iron phosphate (LFP) prismatic battery that is from the vehicle and is in the middle or end of life as the research target, and the voltage-drop resistance (VDR), which is calculated through the voltage drop at the charging end, is used to for residue capacity estimation. The relationship between the VDR and the residue capacity of the battery is systematically studied, including factors such as charging cut-off voltage, charging current, charging end time, and charging current change mechanism. The results show that the residue capacity is a quadratic function relationship with the charging cut-off voltage and VDR. The VDR is affected by the charging cut-off voltage, charging cut-off current, and charging end time. There is no significant difference in the influence of VDR obtained by the charging modes of step charging and constant current charging. By testing the VDR under different charging conditions and different resting times, and standardizing the VDR, the residue capacity estimation error of 97% of the vehicle’s batteries is within ±5%, which meets the application requirements for residue capacity estimation.