Estimation of the grain, sweet and grass sorghum samples for resistance to low above zero temperatures seedlings

Abstract

Relevance. Increasing the cold resistance of heat-loving crops is an urgent problem of breeding. During germination, seeds and seedlings are exposed to temperature stress, which has a negative effect on plants, and therefore the duration of the growing season increases, yields and product quality decrease. The article presents experimental data on the assessment of resistance to low positive temperatures of grain sorghum, sugar and herbaceous selection «ANC “Donskoy”». The purpose of the study is to identify sources tolerant to the cold of the breeding material of grain sorghum, sugar and herbaceous.Methods. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «ANC “Donskoy”» from 2019 to 2022. Diagnostics of cold resistance was carried out at the initial stage of plant development by a method in which seeds were germinated under the influence of low positive temperatures (8 °C), followed by their growth at an optimal temperature (25 °C).Results. Varieties of different types of sorghum resistant to low temperatures have been identified. Seed germination at low positive temperatures was 93.4% and 91.4% for herbaceous and sugar sorghum, and 79.1% for grain sorghum. There have been identified such cold resistant samples of different sorghum samples, characterized by high germination rates and intensity of seed growth in the initial period as the grain sorghum samples (Demetra x ZSK 404/17’, Demetra x Uch. 42/20 and Demetra x ZSK 20/10), the sweet sorghum samples (Demetra x KD-388, Demetra x South and APV-1115 x KL 12198), the grass sorghum samples (APV-1115 x Ch 4, Demetra x LIK-2011 and APV 1115 x Sv. 4).