Abstract
Global warming has become international concern, culminating with the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol which includes definitions and objectives of the sustainable development mechanisms and features that make it easier for the industrialized countries to jointly compensate for their polluting greenhouse gas emissions. Sao Paulo is a state known for its industrial development and distortion of the green areas in ecosystems associated with the Atlantic Forest biome. In the middle of this chaotic scenery lies the Billings reservoir in Sao Bernardo do Campo-SP, its forest ecosystem is the provider of numerous environmental services. Quantification of biomass (Bwood) of stems resulted in estimates of 113.73.ha -1 , which corresponded to 56.87 tC.ha -1 . The estimates obtained for the forest ecosystem of the reservoir can be used as a reference for the establishment of forest restoration projects under the Clean Development Mechanism established the Kyoto Protocol.
Highlights
Quantification of biomass (Bwood) of stems resulted in estimates of 113.73.ha-1, which corresponded to 56.87 tC.ha-1
54.4% of Brazil's territory is occupied by forests (FLORESTAS DO BRASIL, 2015) and from this percentage, approximately 12.5% corresponds to the area of the Atlantic Rainforest Biome (SOS MATA ATLÂNTICA, 2015), stretching for 17 States of the federation, going from the state of Rio Grande do Sul to Rio Grande do Norte, ranging from the coastal regions, such as plateaus and hills of the interior
In the state of São Paulo, the Atlantic Forest biome offers characteristic phytoecological formations constituted by forest ecosystems: Seasonal Semidecicual Forest and Dense Ombrophilous Forest
Summary
The forest fragment is located in the area of influence of the Billings reservoir (Figure 1) in the municipality of São Bernardo do Campo, which is one of the largest and most important reservoirs of water in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. This method is often considered a more accurate alternative than the direct method, since in the latter, the information obtained usually come from parcels of small size, in a small number and selected intentionally, usually in areas that are more representative of the whole (BROWN et al, 1989) Such conduct could introduce errors of biased estimates, which may lead to over- or underestimation of the average biomass of the forest evaluated. The biomass of wood present in the stem of each tree was estimated by multiplying the average wood basic density by volumes of the stems (equation 2), according to Equation 4: Bwood=d×x-×Vt (4). The stock of carbon was extrapolated to tons per hectare
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