Abstract
In the course of the present study we devised an indicator of the adaptability of automobiles to operation under winter conditions based on the engine cooling rate, and a procedure of its estimation. A three-level grading assessment of the adaptability of automobiles to operation under winter conditions based on the engine cooling rate is proposed. We established an exponential form of the mathematical model for a change in the engine cooling rate, which takes into consideration speed of the wind that blows over the engine, its mass and heat insulation, as well as arrangement density in the under-hood space. Numerical values for the parameters of the mathematical model were determined. Results of the research allow us to estimate the limits of operational conditions of the rational use of automobiles when cooling rate of an idle engine does not exceed the critical value, and, therefore, fuel consumption used by the engine to maintain a temperature mode under given operating conditions during a short stop is minimal.
Highlights
A large part of the territory of the Russian Federation belongs to areas with low-temperature climatic conditions with long winter period
It was noted that engines of automobiles of different makes and models under identical operating conditions differ in the intensity of heat transfer, that is, they are characterized by different cooling rate
The aim of present study is to develop a procedure for assessing the adaptability of automobiles to winter conditions based on the engine cooling rate, which takes into conside ration the influence of wind, the weight of engine and its heat insulation, its position in the under-hood space, in order to establish the limits of operating conditions of the rational use of automobiles
Summary
A large part of the territory of the Russian Federation (over 60 %) belongs to areas with low-temperature climatic conditions with long winter period. It was noted that engines of automobiles of different makes and models under identical operating conditions differ in the intensity of heat transfer, that is, they are characterized by different cooling rate. This fact is explained by the different level of adaptability of automobiles to winter conditions. In order to improve efficiency of using vehicles under winter conditions, it is necessary to have an objective assessment of their adaptability by this indicator, which requires its development. Development and application of the estimation of adaptability of automobiles to winter conditions based on the engine cooling rate is an important task
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