Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the fields of one of the farmers in AL Diwaniyah Governorate for the winter season 2015/2016 using nine varieties of wheat bread (Tamoze 1, Tamoze 2, , Maksebak, Sabah, Eba 95, Latifia, Eba 99, Abu Ghraib and Sham 6). RCBD Used design with three replicate in order to estimation of some genetic parameters and correlation of bread wheat varieties under the experiment Diwaniyah to determine the most effect characters on yield that can be used as guide to select and improve the yield . an account Genetic and phenotypic variation , correlation coefficient, inheritance ratio in broad and narrow Expected genetic improvement ratio for character hight plant , namber of Branches , spike length , number of grains spike ,weight of 1000 and yield .. The results showed that there were significant differences between the cultivars, with the superiority of the Eba 99 by giving the highest rate of 1043.3 kg / dunum between the varieties. There were significant differences between the studied characters Abu99 the superiority in number of branches , length of spick , number of the seed spick and ,weight of 1000 grin their average ( 11.33, 12.0, 66.3 and 47.3 gram, respectively), which were positively reflected in grain yield. The genetic, environmental and morphological differences of the studied character were significant and the values of the genetic and phenotypic factors were correlated to most traits and inheritance in the broad sense higher (0.592 - 0.728) As an average percentage medal of most traits, but genetic and phenotypic correlation were significant in the desired direction of most yield and therefore yield can be considered as an electoral tool in breeding and plant improvement programs. .
Highlights
Triticuam estivum is one of the world's leading grain crops
The sensitivity of the wheat crop to environmental changes and conditions necessitates the study of environmental genetic interference that plays a role in changing the plant's phenotypic values, Understanding the nature of the environmental genetic interference inevitably prepares the researcher for the behavioral knowledge and response of these varieties and enables him to discover its genetic potential by synchronizing the growth stages with thermal and photovoltaic conditions Suitable reflected in increased productivity [2]
Despite of spread some genotypes and varieties of local and imported, the cultivation of this crop in Iraq is still below the required level, so it is important to breeding and improvement to make a significant increase in grain yield and improve the quality through the implementation of breeding and improvement programs, Evaluating of performance of the existing and introduced varieties is the first step of the breeding program and its testing in several environments will provide a lot of electoral evidence and provide an opportunity to evaluate the genetic and environmental effects that are helpful factors for the selection and genetic improvement expected, in addition to the associations that represent scale of the strength of relationship among them [3]
Summary
Triticuam estivum is one of the world's leading grain crops. It represents the main food for more than 2.5 billion people in the world. The yield of grain characteristic is characterized quantities complex genes and is highly correlated with the growth characteristics and components of bread wheat the knowledge of the genetic and appearance associations that serve the breeder in the diagnosis of the most relevant traits here is the importance of searching for superior varieties and evaluating their behaviour Genetics by studying the differences and phenotypic and genetic correlations between pairs of different quantitative characteristics and inheritance ratios in the broad and narrow sense. The study aims at evaluating the performance of a number of wheat varieties, estimating the components of variability, genetic and phenotypic links, inheritance and genetic improvement expected to reach the best species for adaptation as a breeding material prepared for the crop under the conditions of Diwaniyah Governorate
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