Estimation of Salivary Copper, Zinc, Iron, and Copper-to-zinc Ratio in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients: A Case–control Study

Abstract

The present study was conducted to test the salivary levels of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Cu/Zn ratio in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients. Thirty-eight patients, aged 18-60 years who were clinically diagnosed with OSF, were considered as cases (group A). Thirty-eight patients without any signs of OSF were considered as controls (group B). History of tobacco habits, both smoking and chewing, was recorded. Salivary trace elements were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry and a differential pulse anodic stripping voltmeter (DPASV). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 23; Chicago Inc., Illinois, USA) was used for analysis of data. Significant differences were noted between cases and controls. While Zn and Fe levels were decreased in cases, copper levels and copper/zinc ratio were enhanced in OSF affected individuals. Trace elements in saliva showed significant difference between OSF cases and healthy counterparts and are thus regarded as possible predictors for diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis. The current study results clearly suggest an interaction of trace elements with OSF. Trace elements in saliva can be considered as a reliable, noninvasive diagnostic marker in OSF patients. Early diagnosis of these lesions can facilitate the provision of prompt treatment by the clinicians, for successful reversal and treatment.