Estimation of Programed Death Ligand_1 Concentrations in Serum and Tissue Among Iraqi Breast Diseases

Abstract

Abstract Background: A programed death ligand L1 is the particular PD-1 ligand that is primarily found in lymphoid, epithelial, and myeloid cells. In order to activate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which suppresses the production of cytokines and controls immune function, PD-1 must bind to PD-L1. Objectives: Estimating the concentration of PDL_1 in serum and breast tissue of patients with breast tumors. Materials and Methods: Case–control study included 100 women (17–60 years old) undergoing breast surgery at Babylon Province’s Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital and Al-Fayhaa Al Ahly Hospital provided blood and breast tissue samples. Hospital histology lab performed histological confirmation of breast diseases, including benign and malignant tumors. Twenty blood samples were taken as controls from women and men who appeared to be in good health. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine PDL_1 in both patient and control serum and in the cell supernatant from the patient’s breast tissues. Results: The mean level of PDL_1 in serum of patient was 549.37 ng/L while control was 594.22 ng/L with found significant differences where P value was 0.05. While tissue of patients was 464.97 ng/L. The results appeared concentrations of PDL-L1 were significantly higher in serum compared with tissues at P ≥ 0.05. The results found no significantly differences in concentrations of PDL_1 among types of diseases in sera of patients except in fat necrosis patients. Perhaps as a result of our small sample size, the difference in PD-L1 expression between the various subtypes was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study found concentration of PDL-1 decreased with primary breast diseases and it might be diagnostic marker.