Abstract
Major beta thalassaemia is an inherited haemolytic disease that needs regular blood transfusion as a standard treatment. Blood transfusion is generally safe; however, adverse effects can occur and one of which is red cell alloimmunization that can lead to acute or delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of red cell alloantibodies in patients with thalassaemia in Sri Lanka. The study was carried out at three tertiary care hospitals of Sri Lanka. Every beta thalassaemia patients transfused with packed red cells were included. Data collected to a form by analysing the cross match request form sent to the blood bank prior to the transfusion. There were 398 patients in all hospitals. 188 (47.24%) of them were males and 210 (52.76%) were females. Mean age was 18.41 (SD=11.67) years. Out of 398 patients, unexpected red cell antibodies are present only in 6 (1.51%) patients. Identified antibodies were Anti E, Anti K, Anti D, Anti C, Anti S, Anti Jkb and autoantibodies. There was one patient who had developed multiple antibodies. Prevalence of red cell antibodies is lower, even though the patients were been transfused without phenotypically matched red cells. Further studies are suggested to decide the practice of Rh and Kell matching for transfusion in patients with beta thalassaemia.
Highlights
Major beta thalassaemia is an inherited haemolytic disease caused by the abnormal production of haemoglobin
Percentage 21.61 1.76 25.63 1.51 5.78 0 41.71 2.01 as Rhesus D antigen (Rh D) is considered, 377 (94.72%) patients were positive for Rh D, while 21 (5.28%) were negative
In beta thalassaemia major there is abnormal production of haemoglobin and regular red cell transfusion is the standard treatment by which the abnormal erythropoiesis is suppressed
Summary
Major beta thalassaemia is an inherited haemolytic disease caused by the abnormal production of haemoglobin. Red cell alloimmunization can occur when the red cell recipients are exposed to the antigens that they do not possess These alloantibodies can cause acute or delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions [1]. In Sri Lanka 11 cases of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions were reported in 2017 due to red cell antibodies. This study was carried out to understand the prevalence of red cell antibodies that are important in regularly transfused thalassemic patients. Major beta thalassaemia is an inherited haemolytic disease that needs regular blood transfusion as a standard treatment. Blood transfusion is generally safe; adverse effects can occur and one of which is red cell alloimmunization that can lead to acute or delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions.
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