Estimation of Peanut Southern Blight Severity in Hyperspectral Data Using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique and Fractional-Order Differentiation

Abstract

Southern blight significantly impacts peanut yield, and its severity is exacerbated by high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. The mycelium attached to the plant’s interior quickly proliferates, contributing to the challenges of early detection and data acquisition. In recent years, the integration of machine learning and remote sensing data has become a common approach for disease monitoring. However, the poor quality and imbalance of data samples can significantly impact the performance of machine learning algorithms. This study employed the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) algorithm to generate samples with varying severity levels. Additionally, it utilized Fractional-Order Differentiation (FOD) to enhance spectral information. The validation and testing of the 1D-CNN, SVM, and KNN models were conducted using experimental data from two different locations. In conclusion, our results indicate that the SMOTE-FOD-1D-CNN model enhances the ability to monitor the severity of peanut white mold disease (validation OA = 88.81%, Kappa = 0.85; testing OA = 82.76%, Kappa = 0.75).